Vitamin-D-Status weltweit: Was die aktuelle Metaanalyse zeigt

Diese Metaanalyse zu „Vitamin-D-Status weltweit: Was die aktuelle Metaanalyse zeigt“ bündelt Originalarbeiten und ordnet deren Aussagekraft sowie Grenzen ein.

Welche Frage wurde untersucht?

Die Arbeit „A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and vitamin D status worldwide“ prüft, wie Vitamin-D-Status oder Supplementierung mit dem im Titel bezeichneten Endpunkt zusammenhängen. Entscheidend ist die Ebene der Evidenz: Hier wird nicht eine einzelne Beobachtung, sondern eine systematisch zusammengeführte Studienlage betrachtet.

Wie wurde die Evidenz zusammengeführt?

Die Arbeit führt Ergebnisse mehrerer Studien zusammen. Die Quellenliste dokumentiert die zugeordneten Originalarbeiten. Die Zusammenführung erhöht die Datenbasis, beseitigt aber Unterschiede bei Population, Ausgangsstatus, Vergleich, Dosisregime und Endpunktdefinition nicht.

Was zeigt der Gesamtbefund?

Die weltweite Metaanalyse umfasste 586 Publikationen und mehr als 2,37 Millionen Teilnehmende. Niedrige 25(OH)D-Werte waren in den gepoolten Daten häufig, unterschieden sich aber deutlich nach Region und Untersuchung.

Der Befund beschreibt genau den untersuchten Vergleich. Er darf nicht als allgemeines Wirkversprechen für Vitamin D oder als Empfehlung für eine bestimmte Einnahmemenge gelesen werden.

Wie belastbar ist das Ergebnis?

Gepoolte Prävalenzen hängen von Messmethoden, Schwellen, Regionen und Studienqualität ab und beschreiben keine einzelne Person. Metaanalysen übernehmen zudem die Grenzen ihrer eingeschlossenen Studien. Heterogenität, Bias und unterschiedliche Messweisen können einen gepoolten Wert beeinflussen.

Einordnung für Supplement Stack

Der Artikel dokumentiert die gemeinsam ausgewertete Studienlage samt Originalquellen. Die stoffweite Einordnung zu Versorgung, Referenzwerten und Sicherheit steht im Vitamin D: Warum Sonne, Knochen und Calcium zusammengehören.

Fazit

Die weltweite Metaanalyse umfasste 586 Publikationen und mehr als 2,37 Millionen Teilnehmende. Niedrige 25(OH)D-Werte waren in den gepoolten Daten häufig, unterschieden sich aber deutlich nach Region und Untersuchung. Für die praktische Einordnung bleibt die genannte Grenze wesentlich: Gepoolte Prävalenzen hängen von Messmethoden, Schwellen, Regionen und Studienqualität ab und beschreiben keine einzelne Person.

Quellen

  1. Afkhami-Ardekani Omid, Afkhami-Ardekani Arezoo, Namiranian Nasim et al. (2019). Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in adult population of yazd – The sun province in center of Iran. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.050.
  2. Suryanarayana P, Arlappa N, Sai Santhosh V, Balakrishna N, Lakshmi Rajkumar P, Prasad U, Raju BB, Shivakeseva K, Divya Shoshanni K, Seshacharyulu M, Geddam JB, Prasanthi PS, Ananthan R. (2018). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among the urban elderly population in Hyderabad metropolitan city, South India.. Ann Hum Biol. DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1425479. PMID: 29307228.
  3. Masoud Mohammad S, Yakout Sobhy M, Al-Attas Omar S et al. (2019). The association between iron and vitamin D status in Arab adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001113.
  4. Hoge Axelle, Donneau Anne-Françoise, Streel Sylvie et al. (2015). Vitamin D deficiency is common among adults in Wallonia (Belgium, 51°30′ North): findings from the Nutrition, Environment and Cardio-Vascular Health study. Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.005.
  5. Shaheen S. O., Jameson K. A., Robinson S. M. et al. (2011). Relationship of vitamin D status to adult lung function and COPD. Thorax. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.155234.
  6. Jääskeläinen Tuija, Itkonen Suvi T, Lundqvist Annamari et al. (2017). The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-y follow-up based on standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D data. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151415.
  7. Braithwaite V.S., Jones K.S., Schoenmakers I. et al. (2015). Vitamin D binding protein genotype is associated with plasma 25OHD concentration in West African children. Bone. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.068.
  8. Karin Zeljka, Gilic Barbara, Supe Domic Daniela et al. (2018). Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112503.
  9. Croll Pauline H., Boelens Mirte, Vernooij Meike W. et al. (2021). Associations of vitamin D deficiency with MRI markers of brain health in a community sample. Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.027.
  10. Chan Ruth, Chan Dicken, Woo Jean et al. (2011). Not All Elderly People Benefit From Vitamin D Supplementation with Respect to Physical Function: Results From the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, Hong Kong. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03789.x.
  11. Al-Taiar Abdullah, Rahman Abdur, Al-Sabah Reem et al. (2018). Vitamin D status among adolescents in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021401.
  12. Tolppanen Anna-Maija, Fraser Abigail, Fraser William D. et al. (2012). Risk Factors for Variation in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 Concentrations and Vitamin D Deficiency in Children. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2516.
  13. Bowman G.L., Silbert L.C., Howieson D. et al. (2012). Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and MRI measures of brain aging. Neurology. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182436598.
  14. Wang Jing, Chen Lin, Zhang Yan et al. (2019). Association between serum vitamin B <sub>6</sub> concentration and risk of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and older people in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028129.
  15. Houghton Lisa A., Brown Rachel C., Beaumont Sarah et al. (2019). Micronutrient status differs among Maasai and Kamba preschoolers in a supplementary feeding programme in Kenya. Maternal & Child Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12805.
  16. Drali O., Arab M., Lamdjadani N. et al. (2021). Vitamin D status in preschool children in Algeria. Archives de Pédiatrie. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.12.013.
  17. Hirani Vasant (2011). Vitamin D status and pain: analysis from the Health Survey for England among English adults aged 65 years and over. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003965.
  18. da Silva Jonas R. Dias, Freire Ivna Vidal, Ribeiro Ícaro J.S. et al. (2018). Improving the comprehension of sarcopenic state determinants: An multivariate approach involving hormonal, nutritional, lifestyle and genetic variables. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.05.008.
  19. Wang Dan, Lin Huandong, Xia Mingfeng et al. (2016). Vitamin D Levels Are Inversely Associated with Liver Fat Content and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Shanghai Changfeng Study. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157515.
  20. Au Lauren E, Economos Christina D, Goodman Elizabeth et al. (2012). Vitamin D intake and serum vitamin D in ethnically diverse urban schoolchildren. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012003217.
  21. Mayer Otto, Seidlerová Jitka, Wohlfahrt Peter et al. (2017). Synergistic effect of low K and D vitamin status on arterial stiffness in a general population. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.010.
  22. Shridhar Krithiga, Kinra Sanjay, Gupta Ruby et al. (2019). Serum Calcium Concentrations, Chronic Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCaPS). Current Developments in Nutrition. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy085.
  23. Poh BK, Rojroongwasinkul N, Nguyen BK, Sandjaja, Ruzita AT, Yamborisut U, Hong TN, Ernawati F, Deurenberg P, Parikh P, SEANUTS Study Group. (2016). 25-hydroxy-vitamin D demography and the risk of vitamin D insufficiency in the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS).. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092015.02. PMID: 27440689.
  24. Huang Ping, Ke Gang, Lin Xinmei et al. (2022). Correlation analysis between vitamin A, D, and E status with altitude, seasonal variation, and other factors, among children aged 0–6 years in a Chinese population living in the Tibetan plateau of Ganzi prefecture. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24620.
  25. Awasthi Shally, Kumar Divas, Mahdi Abbas Ali et al. (2022). Prevalence of specific micronutrient deficiencies in urban school going children and adolescence of India: A multicenter cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267003.
  26. Bennouar Salam, Bachir Cherif Abdelghani, Makrelouf Mohamed et al. (2022). Reconsidering vitamin D optimal values based on parathyroid hormone levels in a North Algerian cohort: stratification by gender and season. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01137-2.
  27. Gao C., Qiao J., Li S. S. et al. (2016). The levels of bone turnover markers 25(OH)D and PTH and their relationship with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in a suburban district in China. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3692-6.
  28. Panahi Nekoo, Fahimfar Noushin, Roshani Shahin et al. (2022). Association of amino acid metabolites with osteoporosis, a metabolomic approach: Bushehr elderly health program. Metabolomics. DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01919-2.
  29. Chuc DV, Hung NX, Trang VT, Linh DV, Khue PM. (2019). Nutritional Status of Children Aged 12 to 36 Months in a Rural District of Hungyen Province, Vietnam.. Biomed Res Int. DOI: 10.1155/2019/6293184. PMID: 31111061.
  30. Szabó B, Tabák ÁG, Toldy E, Szekeres L, Szili B, Bakos B, Balla B, Kósa JP, Lakatos P, Takács I. (2017). The role of serum total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH values in defining vitamin D status at the end of winter: a representative survey.. J Bone Miner Metab. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0729-4. PMID: 26661476.
  31. Leirós María, Amenedo Elena, Rodríguez Marina et al. (2022). Cognitive Status and Nutritional Markers in a Sample of Institutionalized Elderly People. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.880405.
  32. Petrenya Natalia, Lamberg-Allardt Christel, Melhus Marita et al. (2019). Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003816.
  33. Olsen KS, Aksnes L, Frøyland L, Lund E, Rylander C. (2014). Vitamin D status and PUFA ratios in a national representative cross-section of healthy, middle-aged Norwegian women—the Norwegian Women and Cancer Post-Genome Cohort.. Scand J Public Health. DOI: 10.1177/1403494814550519. PMID: 25260641.
  34. Sung M, Jee HM, Kim JH, Ha EK, Shin YH, Kim JH, Lim DH, Han MY. (2022). Serum vitamin D level mitigates fractional exhaled nitric oxide linked to bisphenol-A in school-aged children.. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202203_28232. PMID: 35302211.
  35. Mata-Granados José M., Cuenca-Acebedo Rafael, Luque de Castro María Dolores et al. (2013). Lower vitamin E serum levels are associated with osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0432-2.
  36. Henning T, Kochlik B, Ara I, González-Gross M, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Cucca F, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Carnicero Carreño JA, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Grune T, Weber D. (2023). Patterns of Dietary Blood Markers Are Related to Frailty Status in the FRAILOMIC Validation Phase.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu15051142. PMID: 36904142.
  37. Dogan-Sander Ezgi, Mergl Roland, Willenberg Anja et al. (2021). Inflammation and the Association of Vitamin D and Depressive Symptomatology. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13061972.
  38. Khan Seraj, Pokharel Bishnu, Bhagat Tarakant et al. (2020). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in school going children of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study. International Medicine. DOI: 10.5455/im.89959.
  39. Zelzer Sieglinde, Hofer Edith, Meinitzer Andreas et al. (2021). Association of vitamin D metabolites with cognitive function and brain atrophy in elderly individuals - the Austrian stroke prevention study. Aging. DOI: 10.18632/aging.202930.
  40. Mielgo-Ayuso Juan, Valtueña Jara, Cuenca-García Magdalena et al. (2017). Regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher blood vitamin status in adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003645.
  41. Zhuang Zhenhuang, Yu Canqing, Guo Yu et al. (2021). Metabolic Signatures of Genetically Elevated Vitamin D Among Chinese: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab097.
  42. Zupo Roberta, Moroni Alessia, Castellana Fabio et al. (2023). A Machine-Learning Approach to Target Clinical and Biological Features Associated with Sarcopenia: Findings from Northern and Southern Italian Aging Populations. Metabolites. DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040565.
  43. Ghobadi Saeed, Rostami Zahra Hassanzadeh, Marzijarani Mohammad Salehi et al. (2019). Association of Vitamin D Status and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Iranian Children. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_242_17.
  44. Larijani Bagher, Hossein-Nezhad Arash, Feizabad Elham et al. (2016). Vitamin D deficiency, bone turnover markers and causative factors among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0266-2.
  45. Hu Z, Zhi X, Ma Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhu J, Li B, Zhang Z. (2022). The modification of individual factors on association between serum 25(OH)D and incident type 2 diabetes: Results from a prospective cohort study.. Front Nutr. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1077734. PMID: 36643972.
  46. Mirza Anissa Atif, Rathi Himani, Dakshinamurthy Senkadhirdasan et al. (2022). Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Other Bone Related Biochemical Markers in Healthy Adults in Rural Population of Uttarakhand, India. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01048-6.
  47. Jamali Zahra, Asadikaram Gholamreza, Mahmoodi Mehdi et al. (2013). Vitamin D Status in Female Students and its Relation to Calcium Metabolism Markers, Lifestyles, and Polymorphism in Vitamin D Receptor. Clinical Laboratory. DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2012.120908.
  48. Sousa Sara Estéfani S., Sales Márcia Cristina, Araújo José Rodolfo T. et al. (2019). High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Institutionalized Elderly Individuals is Associated with Summer in a Region with High Ultraviolet Radiation Levels. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11071516.
  49. Fassula Angelica Scherlowski, Gonzalez-Chica David, Giehl Marui Corseuil et al. (2020). Moderator role of vitamin D concentrations on the association between metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein among adults. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000272.
  50. Carvalho Silva Cátia, Gavinha Sandra, Manso Maria Conceição et al. (2021). Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Dental Caries in 7-Year-Old Children in Porto Metropolitan Area. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13010166.
  51. Salem-Sokhn Elie, Salami Ali, Fawaz Mirna et al. (2021). Helicobacter Pylori Interacts with Serum Vitamin D to Influence Hypertension. Current Aging Science. DOI: 10.2174/1874609813666200925104248.
  52. Kensarah Osama A., Jazar Abdelelah S., Azzeh Firas S. (2015). Hypovitaminosis D in Healthy Toddlers and Preschool Children from Western Saudi Arabia. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000223.
  53. Menant J. C., Close J. C. T., Delbaere K. et al. (2011). Relationships between serum vitamin D levels, neuromuscular and neuropsychological function and falls in older men and women. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1637-7.
  54. Narchi Hassib, Kochiyil Jose, Hamad Sania Al et al. (2014). Hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females – an analytical cohort study in the United Arab Emirates. Paediatrics and International Child Health. DOI: 10.1179/2046905514y.0000000144.
  55. Xiao Pei, Cheng Hong, Li Haibo et al. (2022). Vitamin D Trajectories and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Childhood: A Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.836376.
  56. Yoshihara Akihiro, Iwasaki Masanori, Miyazaki Hideo et al. (2012). Association between low renal function and tooth loss over 5 years. Gerodontology. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12015.
  57. Mehboobali N, Iqbal SP, Iqbal MP. (2015). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a low income peri-urban community in Karachi.. J Pak Med Assoc. PMID: 26338738.
  58. O’Brien Diane M, Thummel Kenneth E, Bulkow Lisa R et al. (2016). Declines in traditional marine food intake and vitamin D levels from the 1960s to present in young Alaska Native women. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001853.
  59. Seo Ji A., Eun Chai Ryoung, Cho Hyunjoo et al. (2013). Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Independent of Visceral Obesity in Korean Adults. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075197.
  60. Arora Bhoomi, Patel Snehal S., Saboo Banshi D. (2019). The prevalence of prediabetes and associated conditions in Ahmedabad population. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. DOI: 10.1007/s13410-019-00764-9.
  61. Middelkoop Keren, Walker Neil, Stewart Justine et al. (2022). Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14061263.
  62. Acherjya GoutamKumar, Ali Mohammad, Tarafder Keya et al. (2020). Hypovitaminosis D and Its Relationship with Diabetes Mellitus among the Postmenopausal Women in Jashore, Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_312_19.
  63. Casey Claire, Woodside Jayne V., McGinty Ann et al. (2018). Factors associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in older people in Europe: the EUREYE study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0353-1.
  64. Zhang D, Cheng C, Wang Y, Xue Y, Liu Y, Li W, Li X. (2021). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Chinese Rural Population.. Horm Metab Res. DOI: 10.1055/a-1342-7098. PMID: 33513643.
  65. Hacker-Thompson Andrea, Schloetter Monique, Sellmeyer Deborah E. (2012). Validation of a Dietary Vitamin D Questionnaire Using Multiple Diet Records and the Block 98 Health Habits and History Questionnaire in Healthy Postmenopausal Women in Northern California. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.043.
  66. Mogire Reagan M., Morovat Alireza, Muriuki John Muthii et al. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children. BMC Medicine. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01985-8.
  67. Gebreegziabher Tafere, Stoecker Barbara J. (2013). Vitamin D Insufficiency in a Sunshine-Sufficient Area: Southern Ethiopia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. DOI: 10.1177/156482651303400408.
  68. Hansen JG, Gao W, Dupuis J et al. (2015). Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status and genetic variation in the vitamin D metabolic pathway with FEV1 in the Framingham Heart Study. Respiratory Research. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0238-y.
  69. Vajdi Mahdi, Nikniaz Leila, Pour Asl Asghar Mohammad et al. (2020). Lifestyle patterns and their nutritional, socio-demographic and psychological determinants in a community-based study: A mixed approach of latent class and factor analyses. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236242.
  70. Song Hye-Rim, Kweon Sun-Seog, Choi Jin-Su et al. (2014). High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older in Gwangju, Korea: the Dong-gu Study. Journal of Korean Medical Science. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.149.
  71. Al-Daghri Nasser M., Sabico Shaun, Al-Saleh Yousef et al. (2016). Calculated adiposity and lipid indices in healthy Arab children as influenced by vitamin D status. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.02.005.
  72. Ke L., Mason R.S., Mpofu E. et al. (2015). Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in a representative population living in Macau, China. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.019.
  73. Nälsén C, Becker W, Pearson M, Ridefelt P, Lindroos AK, Kotova N, Mattisson I. (2020). Vitamin D status in children and adults in Sweden: dietary intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in children aged 10-12 years and adults aged 18-80 years.. J Nutr Sci. DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.40. PMID: 33101664.
  74. Buchmann Nikolaus, Eckstein Nils, Spira Dominik et al. (2021). Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome independent of insulin resistance and obesity in young adults ‐ The Berlin Aging Study II. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3457.
  75. Liu Xiaoying, Brock Kaye E., Brennan‐Speranza Tara C. et al. (2023). Healthy lifestyles are associated with better vitamin D status in community‐dwelling older men: The Health In Men Study (HIMS). Clinical Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1111/cen.14926.
  76. Sulimani Riad A., Mohammed Ashry G., Alfadda Assim A. et al. (2016). Vitamin D deficiency and biochemical variations among urban Saudi adolescent girls according to season. Saudi Medical Journal. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.9.15248.
  77. Amanzholkyzy Aynur, Nurgalieva Rose E., Dosimov Arystan Zh. et al. (2018). Ethnic Manifestations of Gene Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in Adolescents of Western Kazakhstan Region. Journal of the National Medical Association. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.02.012.
  78. Das Subhasish, Hasan Md. Mehedi, Mohsin Minhazul et al. (2022). Sunlight, dietary habits, genetic polymorphisms and vitamin D deficiency in urban and rural infants of Bangladesh. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07661-y.
  79. Ando Emiko, Morisaki Naho, Asakura Keiko et al. (2018). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels showed strong seasonality but lacked association with vitamin D intake in 3-year-old Japanese children. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002258.
  80. Zhou SJ, Skeaff M, Makrides M, Gibson R. (2015). Vitamin D status and its predictors among pre-school children in Adelaide.. J Paediatr Child Health. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12770. PMID: 25394218.
  81. Ellul Susan, Marx Wolfgang, Collier Fiona et al. (2020). Plasma metabolomic profiles associated with infant food allergy with further consideration of other early life factors. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102099.
  82. Park Ju-Hyun, Hong In Young, Chung Jae Woo et al. (2018). Vitamin D status in South Korean population. Medicine. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011032.
  83. Qiao Zhang, Li-xing Shi, Nian-chun Peng et al. (2013). Serum 25(OH)D Level and Parathyroid Hormone in Chinese Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guiyang Urban Community from Southeast of China. International Journal of Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1155/2013/150461.
  84. Wang Y, Han H, Wang J, Shen F, Yu F, Wang L, Yu SC, Zhang DD, Sun HL, Xue Y, Ba Y, Wang CJ, Li WJ. (2019). Polymorphisms in CYP2R1 Gene Associated with Serum Vitamin D Levels and Status in a Chinese Rural Population.. Biomed Environ Sci. DOI: 10.3967/bes2019.072. PMID: 31331440.
  85. Souberbielle JC, Massart C, Brailly-Tabard S, Cavalier E, Chanson P. (2016). Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in healthy French adults: the VARIETE study.. Endocrine. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0960-3. PMID: 27106800.
  86. Raszewski Grzegorz, Bojar Iwona, Łukawski Krzysztof et al. (2019). 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and its impact on cognitive functions in postmenopausal woman. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5604.
  87. Pouraram H, Djazayery A, Mohammad K, Parsaeian M, Abdollahi Z, Dorosty Motlagh A, Djalali M, Khodaverdian K, Sotoudeh G, Yarparvar A, Heshmat R, Siassi F. (2018). Second National Integrated Micronutrient Survey in Iran: Study Design and Preliminary Findings.. Arch Iran Med. PMID: 29693403.
  88. Al Shaikh A, Farahat F, Abaalkhail B, Kaddam I, Aseri K, Al Saleh Y, Al Qarni A, Al Shuaibi A, Tamimi W. (2020). Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among School-Aged Children in Saudi Arabia and Its Association with Vitamin D Status.. Acta Biomed. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10266. PMID: 33525269.
  89. Moran Jose, Lopez-Arza Luis, Lavado-Garcia Jesus et al. (2013). Hormonal Relationships to Bone Mass in Elderly Spanish Men as Influenced by Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu5124924.
  90. Song Bo Mi, Kim Hyeon Chang, Choi Dong Phil et al. (2014). Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in a Rural Population. Yonsei Medical Journal. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.1036.
  91. Hermes Sales Cristiane, de Mello Fontanelli Mariane, Macedo Rogero Marcelo et al. (2023). Dietary inadequacies overestimate the blood deficiencies of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, E, and D among residents of Sao Paulo. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.015.
  92. Abdeen Ziad, Ramlawi Asa’d, Qaswari Radwan et al. (2014). Predicted efficacy of the Palestinian wheat flour fortification programme: complementary analysis of biochemical and dietary data. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014001554.
  93. Rips Leho, Toom Alar, Kuik Rein et al. (2023). Severe deficiency of vitamin D has no negative effect on physical performance during military training. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14123-x.
  94. Lwow Felicja, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A. (2020). Vitamin D and selected cytokine concentrations in postmenopausal women in relation to metabolic disorders and physical activity. Experimental Gerontology. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111107.
  95. Sari Dina Keumala, Sari Liza Meutia, Laksmi Lidya Imelda et al. (2021). The Moderate Correlation Between 25(OH)D Serum and Saliva in Healthy People with Low Vitamin D Intake. International Journal of General Medicine. DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s302912.
  96. Carrillo-Vega María Fernanda, García-Peña Carmen, Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel et al. (2016). Vitamin D deficiency in older adults and its associated factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0297-9.
  97. Chen W, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang W, Xu Y, Zheng S. (2015). The epidemic investigation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in the adults in Qujing area of Yunnan province in China.. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. PMID: 26464725.
  98. Shin Youn Ho, Ha Eun Kyo, Kim Ju Hee et al. (2020). Serum vitamin D level is associated with smell dysfunction independently of aeroallergen sensitization, nasal obstruction, and the presence of allergic rhinitis in children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. DOI: 10.1111/pai.13341.
  99. Al-Ghamdi Maryam A, Lanham-New Susan A, Kahn Jalal A (2012). Differences in vitamin D status and calcium metabolism in Saudi Arabian boys and girls aged 6 to 18 years: effects of age, gender, extent of veiling and physical activity with concomitant implications for bone health. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011003612.
  100. Bhat Khurshid A., Kakaji Manisha, Awasthi Ashish et al. (2018). High Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Morphometric Vertebral Fractures in Indian Males Aged 60 Years and Above: Should Age for Screening Be Lowered?. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.10.003.
  101. Lu Ling, Sheng Hongguang, Li Huaixing et al. (2011). Associations between common variants in GC and DHCR7/NADSYN1 and vitamin D concentration in Chinese Hans. Human Genetics. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1099-1.
  102. Herrador Z, Sordo L, Gadisa E, Buño A, Gómez-Rioja R, Iturzaeta JM, de Armas LF, Benito A, Aseffa A, Moreno J, Cañavate C, Custodio E. (2014). Micronutrient deficiencies and related factors in school-aged children in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study in Libo Kemkem and Fogera districts, Amhara Regional State.. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112858. PMID: 25546056.
  103. Hien Vu Thi Thu, Lam Nguyen Thi, Skeaff C Murray et al. (2011). Vitamin D status of pregnant and non‐pregnant women of reproductive age living in Hanoi City and the Hai Duong province of Vietnam. Maternal & Child Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00327.x.
  104. Cairncross Carolyn, Grant Cameron, Stonehouse Welma et al. (2016). The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Allergic Diseases in New Zealand Preschool Children. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu8060326.
  105. Arabi A, Chamoun N, Nasrallah MP, Tamim HM. (2021). Vitamin D Deficiency in Lebanese Adults: Prevalence and Predictors from a Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study.. Int J Endocrinol. DOI: 10.1155/2021/3170129. PMID: 34462634.
  106. Houston Denise K., Tooze Janet A., Davis Cralen C. et al. (2011). Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin <scp>D</scp> and Physical Function in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03601.x.
  107. Rehman Gulalai, Ahmad Hajra, Ddin Allau et al. (2020). Demographic Differences and Trends of Vitamin D Levels Among the Teenaged Girls in Balochistan. Cureus. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12335.
  108. Al-Daghri Nasser M., Yakout Sobhy, Sabico Shaun et al. (2022). Establishing the Prevalence of Osteomalacia in Arab Adolescents Using Biochemical Markers of Bone Health. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14245354.
  109. Abidin Nurdiana Z., Mitra Soma R. (2020). Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010023.
  110. Yang Hea-kyoung, Choi Jaehee, Kim Woo Kyung et al. (2016). The association between hypovitaminosis D and pediatric allergic diseases: A Korean nationwide population-based study. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3957.
  111. Smith Geoffry, Wimalawansa Sunil, Laillou Arnaud et al. (2016). High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Cambodian Women: A Common Deficiency in a Sunny Country. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu8050290.
  112. Nakamura Haruki, Tsujiguchi Hiromasa, Hara Akinori et al. (2019). Dietary Calcium Intake and Hypertension: Importance of Serum Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11040911.
  113. Santos Araújo EPD, Queiroz DJM, Neves JPR, Lacerda LM, Gonçalves MDCR, Carvalho AT. (2017). Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in adolescent students of a capital of northeastern Brazil.. Nutr Hosp. DOI: 10.20960/nh.1097. PMID: 29280659.
  114. Marasinghe E, Chackrewarthy S, Abeysena C, Rajindrajith S. (2015). Micronutrient status and its relationship with nutritional status in preschool children in urban Sri Lanka.. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.1.17. PMID: 25740753.
  115. Maddah Mohsen, Sharami Seyede Hajar, Neyestani Tirang R. (2009). Vitamin D Insufficiency Among Postmenopausal Women in Urban and Rural Areas in Guilan, Northern Iran. Journal of Nutrition For the Elderly. DOI: 10.1080/01639360903393523.
  116. Laillou Arnaud, Wieringa Frank, Tran Thuy Nga et al. (2013). Hypovitaminosis D and Mild Hypocalcaemia Are Highly Prevalent among Young Vietnamese Children and Women and Related to Low Dietary Intake. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063979.
  117. Fabian Elisabeth, Bogner M., Kickinger A. et al. (2012). Vitamin status in elderly people in relation to the use of nutritional supplements. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0159-5.
  118. Kim TN, Park MS, Lim KI, Choi HY, Yang SJ, Yoo HJ, Kang HJ, Song W, Choi H, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. (2013). Relationships between sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance, inflammation, and vitamin D status: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study.. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04433.x. PMID: 22563924.
  119. Djennane M., Lebbah S., Roux C. et al. (2014). Vitamin D status of schoolchildren in Northern Algeria, seasonal variations and determinants of vitamin D deficiency. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2623-7.
  120. Shah Tanveer Hussain, Hassan Mukhtiar, Siddiqui Tahir Saeed (2014). Subclinical Rickets. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4518.
  121. , Antczak-Domagała Katarzyna, Magierska Joanna et al. (2019). Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D concentration and cognitive performance in community dwelling elderly people. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna. DOI: 10.15557/pipk.2019.0003.
  122. Karimi F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Omrani GR. (2019). Association between serum uric acid and bone health in adolescents.. Osteoporos Int. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05072-w. PMID: 31278471.
  123. Saki Forough, Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein, Omrani Gholamhossein Ranjbar et al. (2015). Vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in children and adolescents in southern Iran. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015001925.
  124. Luo S., Chen X., Hou L. et al. (2021). The Relationship between Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Levels in Adults of Different Ethnicities: Findings from the West China Health and Aging Trend Study. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1645-z.
  125. Vázquez-Lorente Héctor, Herrera-Quintana Lourdes, Molina-López Jorge et al. (2022). Relationship between Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters with Antioxidant Status in a Healthy Cohort of Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites. DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080746.
  126. Santos Alejandro, Amaral Teresa F, Guerra Rita S et al. (2017). Vitamin D status and associated factors among Portuguese older adults: results from the Nutrition UP 65 cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016123.
  127. Weldegiorgis Tesfaye Zerfu, Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam, Yang Xiao‐lei et al. (2019). Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and metabolic syndrome in the middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population in Dalian, northeast China: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13086.
  128. Hill T. R., Granic A., Davies K. et al. (2015). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and its determinants in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Study. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3366-9.
  129. Petry Nicolai, Al-Maamary Salima A., Woodruff Bradley A. et al. (2020). National Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies, Anaemia, Genetic Blood Disorders and Over- and Undernutrition in Omani Women of Reproductive Age and Preschool Children. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.02.005.
  130. Singh NavyugRaj, Bachhel Rachna, Sidhu JagteshSingh (2015). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in north-west Punjab population: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research. DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.149220.
  131. Yang C, Liu X, Li J, Yan N, Dang Y, Chang Z, Wang K, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. (2022). Association of Serum Vitamin D and Estradiol Levels with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Women of Northwest China: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0120. PMID: 35041548.
  132. Mutt Shivaprakash Jagalur, Jokelainen Jari, Sebert Sylvain et al. (2019). Vitamin D Status and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Subjects from Northern Finland (Latitude 65°North). Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11061229.
  133. Bano Giulia, Pigozzo Sabrina, Piovesan Francesca et al. (2018). Influence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, fat-free mass, and fat mass on bone density, geometry and strength, in healthy young and elderly adults. Experimental Gerontology. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.009.
  134. Chua Ee Yin, Mohd Shariff Zalilah, Sulaiman Norhasmah et al. (2020). Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Adiposity and At-Risk Lipid Profile Differ for Indigenous (Orang Asli) Male and Female Adults of Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082855.
  135. Janssen Hennie C.J.P., Emmelot-Vonk Marielle H., Verhaar Harald J.J. et al. (2013). Vitamin D and Muscle Function: Is There a Threshold in the Relation?. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.012.
  136. Szternel L, Krintus M, Bergmann K, Derezinski T, Sypniewska G. (2018). Association between Fasting Glucose Concentration, Lipid Profile and 25(OH)D Status in Children Aged 9⁻11.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101359. PMID: 30249023.
  137. Kaneva Anastasiya M., Potolitsyna Natalya N., Bojko Evgeny R. (2022). Association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic disturbances in adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23802.
  138. Riverin Bruno, Dewailly Eric, Côté Suzanne et al. (2014). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among healthy school-age Cree children. Paediatrics & Child Health. DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.3.e15.
  139. Lin Liang-Yu, Smeeth Liam, Langan Sinead et al. (2021). Distribution of vitamin D status in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ Open. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038503.
  140. Cheong Magdalin, Chew Samuel Teong Huang, Oliver Jeffery et al. (2020). Nutritional Biomarkers and Associated Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the SHIELD Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu12113329.
  141. Andersen Stig, Jakobsen Anna, Laurberg Peter (2012). Vitamin D status in North Greenland is influenced by diet and season: indicators of dermal 25-hydroxy vitamin D production north of the Arctic Circle. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004709.
  142. Wolters Maike, Intemann Timm, Russo Paola et al. (2021). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D reference percentiles and the role of their determinants among European children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00985-4.
  143. Diekmann R., Winning K., Bauer J.M. et al. (2013). Vitamin D status and physical function in nursing home residents: a 1-year observational study. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-013-0507-7.
  144. Pulungan A, Andarie AA, Soesanti F, Yassien MR, de Bruin C, Wijaya A, Firmansyah A, Wit JM. (2021). Anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal profiles of the partially admixed pygmoid group in Rampasasa (Flores, Indonesia).. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0526. PMID: 33851527.
  145. Ebrahimi Mehdi, Khashayar Patricia, Keshtkar Abbasali et al. (2014). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0428.
  146. Del Brutto Oscar H., Mera Robertino M., Macias Jorge et al. (2015). Cerebrovascular Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency in Older Adults Living near the Equator: Results from the Atahualpa Project. International Journal of Stroke. DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12627.
  147. Clark Patricia, Montiel-Ojeda Diana, Chico-Barba Laura G. et al. (2021). Vitamin D concentration and its association with parathyroid hormone in children and adolescents. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México. DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.20000243.
  148. , Huang Tao, Afzal Shoaib et al. (2019). Vitamin D and cause-specific vascular disease and mortality: a Mendelian randomisation study involving 99,012 Chinese and 106,911 European adults. BMC Medicine. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1401-y.
  149. Carrelli Angela L., Walker Marcella D., Lowe Hyesoo et al. (2011). Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis. Stroke. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.608539.
  150. Nikooyeh Bahareh, Abdollahi Zahra, Hajifaraji Majid et al. (2017). Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors across latitudinal gradient in Iranian adults: National food and nutrition surveillance. Nutrition and Health. DOI: 10.1177/0260106017702918.
  151. Kruavit Anuk, Chailurkit La-or, Thakkinstian Ammarin et al. (2012). Prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency and low bone mineral density in elderly Thai nursing home residents. BMC Geriatrics. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-12-49.
  152. Leung Raymond YH, Cheung Bernard MY, Nguyen Uyen-Sa et al. (2017). Optimal vitamin D status and its relationship with bone and mineral metabolism in Hong Kong Chinese. Bone. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.030.
  153. Chuang Shu-Chun, Chen Hui-Ling, Tseng Wei-Ting et al. (2016). Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance in older adults: a nationwide study in Taiwan. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.122804.
  154. Cirillo Massimo, Bilancio Giancarlo, Cavallo Pierpaolo et al. (2022). Correlates of Calcidiol Deficiency in Adults—Cross-Sectional, Observational, Population-Based Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14030459.
  155. Al Shaikh Adnan M., Abaalkhail Bahaa, Soliman Ashraf et al. (2016). Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Calcium Homeostasis in Saudi Children. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3301.
  156. Karuppusami Reka, Antonisami Belavendra, Vasan Senthil K. et al. (2020). Association of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D with total and regional adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243850.
  157. Huang Y, Eapen E, Steele S, Grey V. (2011). Establishment of reference intervals for bone markers in children and adolescents.. Clin Biochem. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.04.008. PMID: 21531216.
  158. Wang Jie, Wang Hui, Chang Suying et al. (2015). The Influence of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Status on Anemic Risk in Children under 3 Years Old in Poor Areas in China. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140840.
  159. Ewendt Franz, Schmitt Marvin, Kluttig Alexander et al. (2023). Association between vitamin D status and eryptosis–results from the German National Cohort Study. Annals of Hematology. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05239-w.
  160. Duarte Catia, Carvalheiro Helena, Rodrigues Ana M. et al. (2020). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-0695-x.
  161. Shen Jun, Fu Shiping, Song Yuan (2017). Relationship of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF‐23) Serum Levels With Low Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26101.
  162. Karagüzel Gülay, Dilber Beril, Çan Gamze et al. (2014). Seasonal Vitamin D Status of Healthy Schoolchildren and Predictors of Low Vitamin D Status. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000274.
  163. Jeddi Marjan, Roosta Mohammad Jafar, Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein et al. (2013). Normative data and percentile curves of bone mineral density in healthy Iranian children aged 9–18 years. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-012-0114-z.
  164. Yunara S (2020). Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Frailty Degree in Elderly Community in Surabaya. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.217.
  165. Luxwolda Martine F., Kuipers Remko S., Kema Ido P. et al. (2012). Vitamin D status indicators in indigenous populations in East Africa. European Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0421-6.
  166. Diederichsen SZ, Grønhøj MH, Mickley H, Gerke O, Steffensen FH, Lambrechtsen J, Rønnow Sand NP, Rasmussen LM, Olsen MH, Diederichsen A. (2017). CT-Detected Growth of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Subjects and Association With 15 Biomarkers.. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.010. PMID: 28797406.
  167. Checkley W., Robinson C. L., Baumann L. M. et al. (2014). 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels are associated with childhood asthma in a population‐based study in <scp>P</scp>eru. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. DOI: 10.1111/cea.12311.
  168. Augusto Rosangela Aparecida, Cobayashi Fernanda, Cardoso Marly Augusto (2014). Associations between low consumption of fruits and vegetables and nutritional deficiencies in Brazilian schoolchildren. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014001244.
  169. Jiang Wei, Wu Dong-Bo, Xiao Gui-Bao et al. (2020). An epidemiology survey of vitamin D deficiency and its influencing factors. Medicina Clínica. DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.03.019.
  170. Barth‐Jaeggi Tanja, Zandberg Lizelle, Bahruddinov Mutribjon et al. (2019). Nutritional status of Tajik children and women: Transition towards a double burden of malnutrition. Maternal & Child Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12886.
  171. Pazaitou-Panayiotou K., Papapetrou P., Chrisoulidou A. et al. (2011). Height, Whole Body Surface Area, Gender, Working Outdoors, and Sunbathing in Previous Summer are Important Determinants of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285912.
  172. Chen Feng, Wang Yingfang, Guo Yan et al. (2019). &lt;p&gt;Specific higher levels of serum uric acid might have a protective effect on bone mineral density within a Chinese population over 60 years old: a cross-sectional study from northeast China&lt;/p&gt;. Clinical Interventions in Aging. DOI: 10.2147/cia.s186500.
  173. Poopedi Machuene A, Norris Shane A, Pettifor John M (2021). Is vitamin D status associated with non-communicable disease risk in children? A cohort study. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1976608.
  174. Nurbazlin M, Chee WS, Rokiah P, Tan AT, Chew YY, Nusaibah AR, Chan SP. (2013). Effects of sun exposure on 25(OH) vitamin D concentration in urban and rural women in Malaysia.. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.3.15. PMID: 23945409.
  175. Khwanchuea Rapheeporn, Punsawad Chuchard (2022). Associations Between Body Composition, Leptin, and Vitamin D Varied by the Body Fat Percentage in Adolescents. Frontiers in Endocrinology. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876231.
  176. Courraud Julie, Quist Jonas Salling, Kontopodi Eva et al. (2019). Dietary habits, metabolic health and vitamin D status in Greenlandic children. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002799.
  177. De la Cruz-Góngora Vanessa, Salinas-Rodríguez Aarón, Villalpando Salvador et al. (2019). Serum Retinol but Not 25(OH)D Status Is Associated With Serum Hepcidin Levels in Older Mexican Adults. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11050988.
  178. Wyskida Magdalena, Owczarek Aleksander, Szybalska Aleksandra et al. (2018). Socio-economic determinants of vitamin D deficiency in the older Polish population: results from the PolSenior study. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017003901.
  179. Hasan Hayder A., AbuOdeh Ra’ed O., Muda Wan Abdul Manan Bin Wan et al. (2017). Association of Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and its components among adult Arabs from the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.047.
  180. Navarrete-Reyes AP, García-Muñoz I, García-Lara JM, Torres-Carrillo NM, Amieva H, Avila-Funes JA. (2015). 25-OH-Vitamin D Is Not Associated with Cognitive Performance among Mexican Community-Dwelling Older Persons.. J Frailty Aging. DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2015.44. PMID: 27032048.
  181. Berry Diane J., Hesketh Kathryn, Power Chris et al. (2011). Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001991.
  182. Zou Yutong, Liu Zhijuan, Li Honglei et al. (2021). Evaluation of bone metabolism‐associated biomarkers in Tibet, China. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24068.
  183. Boucher-Berry Claudia, Speiser Phyllis W, Carey Dennis E et al. (2011). Vitamin D, osteocalcin, and risk for adiposity as comorbidities in middle school children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.550.
  184. Alyahya Khulood, Lee Warren T. K., Al-Mazidi Zaidan et al. (2014). Risk factors of low vitamin D status in adolescent females in Kuwait: implications for high peak bone mass attainment. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-014-0178-z.
  185. Janmohamed Amynah, Luvsanjamba Munkhjargal, Norov Bolormaa et al. (2020). Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among Mongolian children 6–23 months of age. Maternal & Child Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12838.
  186. Warensjö Lemming Eva, Petrelius Sipinen Jessica, Nyberg Gisela et al. (2022). Vitamin D status and associations with diet, objectively measured physical activity patterns and background characteristics among adolescents in a representative national cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000222.
  187. Jang Han Byul, Lee Hye-Ja, Park Ju Yeon et al. (2013). Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Metabolic Risk Factors in Korean Schoolgirls. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.06.004.
  188. Ashraf Ambika P., Fisher Gordon, Alvarez Jessica et al. (2012). Associations of C-Reactive Protein to Indices of Vascular Health and the Influence of Serum 25(OH)D Status in Healthy Adults. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1155/2012/475975.
  189. Zahedi Rad M, Neyestani TR, Nikooyeh B, Shariatzadeh N, Kalayi A, Khalaji N, Gharavi A. (2015). Competitive Protein-binding assay-based Enzyme-immunoassay Method, Compared to High-pressure Liquid Chromatography, Has a Very Lower Diagnostic Value to Detect Vitamin D Deficiency in 9-12 Years Children.. Int J Prev Med. DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.161069. PMID: 26330983.
  190. Nichols E K, Khatib I M D, Aburto N J et al. (2014). Vitamin D status and associated factors of deficiency among Jordanian children of preschool age. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.142.
  191. Huang Y, Li X, Wang M, Ning H, A L, Li Y, Sun C. (2013). Lipoprotein lipase links vitamin D, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.. Cardiovasc Diabetol. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-17. PMID: 23320821.
  192. Bacon CJ, Kerse N, Hayman KJ, Moyes SA, Teh RO, Kepa M, Pillai A, Dyall L. (2016). Vitamin D status of Māori and non-Māori octogenarians in New Zealand: a Cohort Study (LiLACS NZ).. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092015.42. PMID: 27702733.
  193. Verhoeven V., Vanpuyenbroeck K., Lopez-Hartmann M. et al. (2012). Walk on the sunny side of life — Epidemiology of hypovitaminosis D and mental health in elderly nursing home residents. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0361-5.
  194. Sebestyen VanSickle Judith, Srivastava Tarak, Garg Uttam et al. (2019). Comparing directly measured versus mathematically calculated free serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01054-4.
  195. Emmerson Anthoney J. B., Dockery Karen Elizabeth, Mughal M. Z. et al. (2017). Vitamin D status of White pregnant women and infants at birth and 4 months in North West England: A cohort study. Maternal & Child Nutrition. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12453.
  196. Li Chun‐Wei, Yu Kang, Shyh‐Chang Ng et al. (2021). Sterol metabolism and protein metabolism are differentially correlated with sarcopenia in Asian Chinese men and women. Cell Proliferation. DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12989.
  197. Terán Graciela, Cuna Washington, Brañez Froilán et al. (2018). Differences in Nutritional and Health Status in School Children from the Highlands and Lowlands of Bolivia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0143.
  198. Jayatissa R, Lekamwasam S, Ranbanda JM, Ranasingha S, Perera AG, De Silva KH. (2019). Vitamin D deficiency among children aged 10-18 years in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Med J. DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v64i4.8991. PMID: 32121673.
  199. Yao Tsung-Chieh, Tu Yu-Ling, Chang Su-Wei et al. (2014). Suboptimal Vitamin D Status in a Population-Based Study of Asian Children: Prevalence and Relation to Allergic Diseases and Atopy. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099105.
  200. Hirani Vasant, Cumming R.G., Blyth F.M. et al. (2013). Vitamin D status among older community dwelling men living in a sunny country and associations with lifestyle factors: The concord health and ageing in men project, Sydney, Australia. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0013-z.
  201. Suárez-Calleja Claudia, Aza-Morera Jaime, Iglesias-Cabo Tania et al. (2021). Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort. BMC Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z.
  202. Soininen S, Eloranta AM, Lindi V, Venäläinen T, Zaproudina N, Mahonen A, Lakka TA. (2016). Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Finnish children: the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study.. Br J Nutr. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005292. PMID: 26836317.
  203. Oliveira Mitsu A., Faerstein Eduardo, Koury Josely C. et al. (2021). Vitamin D is directly associated with favorable glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profiles in individuals with at least one component of metabolic syndrome irrespective of total adiposity: Pró-Saúde Study, Brazil. Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.10.002.
  204. Xie Z, Xia W, Zhang Z, Wu W, Lu C, Tao S, Wu L, Gu J, Chandler J, Peter S, Yuan H, Wu T, Liao E. (2018). Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy Among Chinese Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00782. PMID: 30666233.
  205. Thornton Kathryn A., Marín Constanza, Mora-Plazas Mercedes et al. (2013). Vitamin D Deficiency Associated With Increased Incidence of Gastrointestinal and Ear Infections in School-age Children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3182868989.
  206. Nakamura K, Kitamura K, Watanabe Y, Saito T, Takahashi A, Kobayashi R, Oshiki R, Kabasawa K, Takachi R, Tsugane S, Iki M, Sasaki A, Watanabe K. (2020). Predictors of decline in vitamin D status in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a 5-year follow-up study.. Br J Nutr. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001580. PMID: 32378497.
  207. Okan F., Okan S., Zincir H. (2020). Effect of Sunlight Exposure on Vitamin D Status of Individuals Living in a Nursing Home and Their Own Homes. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.12.005.
  208. Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Vatanparast Hassanali, Avan Amir et al. (2017). Serum Transaminase Concentrations and the Presence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Are Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations in Adolescent Girls Who Are Overweight and Obese. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1159/000484634.
  209. Sundarakumar Jonas S., Shahul Hameed Shafeeq K., et al. (2021). Burden of Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiencies in an Aging, Rural Indian Community. Frontiers in Public Health. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.707036.
  210. Larcombe L, Mookherjee N, Slater J, Slivinski C, Singer M, Whaley C, Denechezhe L, Matyas S, Turner-Brannen E, Nickerson P, Orr P. (2012). Vitamin D in a northern Canadian first nation population: dietary intake, serum concentrations and functional gene polymorphisms.. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049872. PMID: 23185470.
  211. McCullough ML, Wang Y, Hartman TJ, Hodge RA, Flanders WD, Stevens VL, Sampson L, Mitchell DC, Patel AV. (2021). The Cancer Prevention Study-3 FFQ Is a Reliable and Valid Measure of Nutrient Intakes among Racial/Ethnic Subgroups, Compared with 24-Hour Recalls and Biomarkers.. J Nutr. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa358. PMID: 33484132.
  212. Lutsey PL, Parrinello CM, Misialek JR, Hoofnagle AN, Henderson CM, Laha TJ, Michos ED, Eckfeldt JH, Selvin E. (2016). Short-term Variability of Vitamin D-Related Biomarkers.. Clin Chem. DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.261461. PMID: 27694392.
  213. Guan C, Fu S, Zhen D, Li X, Niu J, Cheng J, Zhao N, Liu J, Yin H, Tang X. (2020). Correlation of serum vitamin D with lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals.. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(4).0020. PMID: 33377379.
  214. Li Lin, Li Kecheng, Li Jing et al. (2020). Ethnic, geographic, and seasonal differences of vitamin D status among adults in south‐west China. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23532.
  215. Rafraf M, Hasanabad SK, Jafarabadi MA. (2014). Vitamin D status and its relationship with metabolic syndrome risk factors among adolescent girls in Boukan, Iran.. Public Health Nutr. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013003340. PMID: 24477119.
  216. Thorisdottir Birna, Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg, Steingrimsdottir Laufey et al. (2016). Vitamin D Intake and Status in 6-Year-Old Icelandic Children Followed up from Infancy. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu8020075.
  217. Dilek Erdönmez, Şükrü Hatun, Filiz Mine Çizmecioğlu et al. (2011). No Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Insulin Resistance in a Group of High School Students. journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.507.
  218. Kouda Katsuyasu, Nakamura Harunobu, Fujita Yuki et al. (2013). Vitamin D status and body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a general population of Japanese children. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.010.
  219. Oudshoorn Christian, Hartholt Klaas A, van Leeuwen Johannes PTM et al. (2011). Better knowledge on vitamin D and calcium in older people is associated with a higher serum vitamin D level and a higher daily dietary calcium intake. Health Education Journal. DOI: 10.1177/0017896911406965.
  220. Patel Linia, Vecchia Carlo La, Alicandro Gianfranco (2022). Serum vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in the UK population. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13075.
  221. Pantovic Ana, Zec Manja, Zekovic Milica et al. (2019). Vitamin D Is Inversely Related to Obesity: Cross-Sectional Study in a Small Cohort of Serbian Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1538828.
  222. Arnljots Rebeka, Thorn Jörgen, Elm Marie et al. (2017). Vitamin D deficiency was common among nursing home residents and associated with dementia: a cross sectional study of 545 Swedish nursing home residents. BMC Geriatrics. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0622-1.
  223. Teng J, Li J, Yang T, Cui J, Xia X, Chen G, Zheng S, Bao J, Wang T, Shen M, Zhang X, Meng C, Wang Z, Wu T, Xu Y, Wang Y, Ding G, Duan H, Li W. (2022). Long-term exposure to air pollution and lung function among children in China: Association and effect modification.. Front Public Health. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988242. PMID: 36589956.
  224. Hoevenaar-Blom Marieke P, Wielders Jos PM, Groeneveld Henk et al. (2019). Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in infants and toddlers in the Netherlands: a pilot study. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine. DOI: 10.1177/0004563219857772.
  225. Marzban Maryam, Kalantarhormozi Mohammadreza, Mahmudpour Mehdi et al. (2021). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf. BMC Endocrine Disorders. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00877-5.
  226. Conzade Romy, Koenig Wolfgang, Heier Margit et al. (2017). Prevalence and Predictors of Subclinical Micronutrient Deficiency in German Older Adults: Results from the Population-Based KORA-Age Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu9121276.
  227. Rahmadhani Rayinda, Zaharan Nur Lisa, Mohamed Zahurin et al. (2017). The associations between VDR BsmI polymorphisms and risk of vitamin D deficiency, obesity and insulin resistance in adolescents residing in a tropical country. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178695.
  228. Beydoun MA, Ng AE, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. (2021). Vitamin D status and its longitudinal association with changes in patterns of sleep among middle-aged urban adults.. J Affect Disord. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.145. PMID: 33601729.
  229. Forney Laura A., Dietrich Marilyn A., Johannsen Neil M. et al. (2017). Emerging Relationships Between Vitamin D Status, Physical Activity Habits, and Immune Indices in College-Aged Females. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000424.
  230. Rastad Hadith, Mahdavi Gorabi Armita, Qorbani Mostafa et al. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00757-8.
  231. Kopiczko Anna, Łopuszańska-Dawid Monika, Gryko Karol (2020). Bone mineral density in young adults: the influence of vitamin D status, biochemical indicators, physical activity and body composition. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-0684-0.
  232. Young Melissa F., Ou Jiangda, Duong Cam et al. (2023). Assessment of Vitamin D status and association with inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.018.
  233. Husemoen LL, Ebstrup JF, Mortensen EL, Schwarz P, Skaaby T, Thuesen BH, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A. (2016). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and self-reported mental health status in adult Danes.. Eur J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.129. PMID: 26264349.
  234. Hirschler Valeria, Molinari Claudia, Maccallini Gustavo et al. (2019). Vitamin D Levels and Cardiometabolic Markers in Indigenous Argentinean Children Living at Different Altitudes. Global Pediatric Health. DOI: 10.1177/2333794x18821942.
  235. Vissing Landgrebe Ann, Asp Vonsild Lund Morten, Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik et al. (2021). Population-based pediatric reference values for serum parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate in Danish/North-European white children and adolescents. Clinica Chimica Acta. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.024.
  236. Bilinski Wojciech J., Szternel Lukasz, Siodmiak Joanna et al. (2021). Low Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Level Does Not Adversely Affect Bone Turnover in Prepubertal Children. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13103324.
  237. Jeon DH, Yeom H, Yang J, Song JS, Lee HK, Kim HC. (2017). Are Serum Vitamin D Levels Associated With Dry Eye Disease? Results From the Study Group for Environmental Eye Disease.. J Prev Med Public Health. DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.17.089. PMID: 29207448.
  238. de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves, Sabião Thais da Silva, de Moura Samara Silva et al. (2023). Influence of sunlight on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and sleep quality in Brazilian adults: A population-based study. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112008.
  239. Al-Raddadi Rajaa, Bahijri Suhad, Borai Anwar et al. (2018). Prevalence of lifestyle practices that might affect bone health in relation to vitamin D status among female Saudi adolescents. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.015.
  240. Laird Eamon, O’Halloran Aisling M, Carey Daniel et al. (2017). The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and the Determinants of 25(OH)D Concentration in Older Irish Adults: Data From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx168.
  241. Arabi A., Baddoura R., El-Rassi R. et al. (2011). PTH level but not 25 (OH) vitamin D level predicts bone loss rates in the elderly. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1659-1.
  242. Vignali Edda, Macchia Enrico, Cetani Filomena et al. (2016). Development of an algorithm to predict serum vitamin D levels using a simple questionnaire based on sunlight exposure. Endocrine. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0901-1.
  243. Giallauria Francesco, Milaneschi Yuri, Tanaka Toshiko et al. (2012). Arterial Stiffness and Vitamin D Levels: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1584.
  244. Mba CM, Koulman A, Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Jones K, Meadows SR, Assah F, Mbanya JC, Wareham NJ. (2022). Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults in rural and urban settings.. Nutr Diabetes. DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00215-1. PMID: 35906229.
  245. Ní Chaoimh C, McCarthy EK, Hourihane JO, Kenny LC, Irvine AD, Murray DM, Kiely ME. (2018). Low vitamin D deficiency in Irish toddlers despite northerly latitude and a high prevalence of inadequate intakes.. Eur J Nutr. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1368-9. PMID: 28025694.
  246. Lee Inhwan, Park Eunmi, Cho Jinkyung (2020). Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with serum vitamin D levels in combination of physical fitness in korean older adults. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105569.
  247. Baek Hey Sung, Won Ha Young, Kim Ju Hee et al. (2021). Association of phthalate exposure and airway dysfunction with mediation by serum periostin. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. DOI: 10.1111/pai.13602.
  248. Kılınç Suna, Atay Enver, Ceran Ömer et al. (2018). Evaluation of vitamin D status and its correlation with gonadal function in children at mini‐puberty. Clinical Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1111/cen.13856.
  249. Muhairi Shamma J, Mehairi Aaesha E, Khouri Aysha A et al. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-33.
  250. Wang T, Sun H, Ge H, Liu X, Yu F, Han H, Wang J, Li W. (2019). Association between vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese rural population.. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217311. PMID: 31120983.
  251. Andersen R, Brot C, Jakobsen J et al. (2013). Seasonal changes in vitamin D status among Danish adolescent girls and elderly women: the influence of sun exposure and vitamin D intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.3.
  252. Nakaoka K, Noda S, Tanabe R, Yamada A, Tsugawa N, Hosoi T, Goseki-Sone M. (2021). A high-fat diet in the presence of vitamin D deficiency status is associated with a negative influence on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound parameters in young adults: a cross-sectional study.. Nutr Res. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.009. PMID: 33551259.
  253. Vioque Jesus, Garcia-de-la-Hera Manuela, Gonzalez-Palacios Sandra et al. (2019). Reproducibility and Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Dietary Assessment in Children Aged 7–9 Years in Spain. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11040933.
  254. Feehan O, Armstrong DJ, Magee PJ, Pourshahidi KL, Strain JJ, Beggan L, Cobice DF, McSorley EM. (2022). Vitamin D and Bone Health of Older Adults within Care Homes: An Observational Study.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14132680. PMID: 35807859.
  255. Seo Ji A, Cho Hyunjoo, Eun Chai R. et al. (2012). Association Between Visceral Obesity and Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Older Koreans: The Ansan Geriatric Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03887.x.
  256. Surve S, Begum S, Chauhan S, Khatkhatay MI, Joshi B. (2021). Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Under-five Children in Urban Slums of Mumbai, India.. Indian Pediatr. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2313-4. PMID: 34047721.
  257. Zhang Xiao, Chen Mengxue, Duan Ruonan et al. (2020). The Nutrition and Health in Southwest China (NHSC) study: design, implementation, and major findings. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00703-6.
  258. Cremers E., Thijs C., Penders J. et al. (2011). Maternal and child's vitamin D supplement use and vitamin D level in relation to childhood lung function: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Thorax. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151985.
  259. Cashman Kevin D., Kehoe Laura, Kearney John et al. (2022). Adequacy of calcium and vitamin D nutritional status in a nationally representative sample of Irish teenagers aged 13–18 years. European Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02939-3.
  260. Singh Archna, Baalasubramanian Sivasankar, Kalaivani Mani et al. (2022). Standardisation and application of a novel multiplex assay for estimating micronutrient status and inflammatory markers in women of Sauria Paharia and Santhal tribes of Jharkhand. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000320.
  261. Alghadir Ahmad, Gabr Sami, Al-Eisa Einas (2017). Mechanical factors and vitamin D deficiency in schoolchildren with low back pain: biochemical and cross-sectional survey analysis. Journal of Pain Research. DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s124859.
  262. Castillo-Valenzuela Oscar, Duarte Lissette, Arredondo Miguel et al. (2023). Childhood Obesity and Plasma Micronutrient Deficit of Chilean Children between 4 and 14 Years Old. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu15071707.
  263. Ó Breasail M, Pearse C, Zengin A, Jarjou L, Cooper C, Ebeling PR, Prentice A, Ward KA. (2023). Longitudinal Change in Bone Density, Geometry, and Estimated Bone Strength in Older Men and Women From The Gambia: Findings From the Gambian Bone and Muscle Aging Study (GamBAS).. J Bone Miner Res. DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4727. PMID: 36270918.
  264. Andersen Stig, Noahsen Paneeraq, Rex Karsten F. et al. (2018). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in Native and European populations in Greenland. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003944.
  265. Borissova A.-M., Shinkov A., Vlahov J. et al. (2013). Vitamin D status in Bulgaria—winter data. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-013-0133-4.
  266. Cediel Gustavo, Corvalán Camila, López de Romaña Daniel et al. (2016). Prepubertal Adiposity, Vitamin D Status, and Insulin Resistance. Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0076.
  267. Bansal Nisha, Zelnick Leila, Robinson‐Cohen Cassianne et al. (2014). Serum Parathyroid Hormone and 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Journal of the American Heart Association. DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001278.
  268. Marwaha R. K., Tandon N., Garg M. K. et al. (2011). Bone health in healthy Indian population aged 50 years and above. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1507-8.
  269. Haslam A, Johnson MA, Hausman DB, Cress ME, Houston DK, Davey A, Poon LW, Georgia Centenarian Study. (2014). Vitamin D status is associated with grip strength in centenarians.. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2013.867825. PMID: 24597995.
  270. Patriota Pollyanna, Rezzi Serge, Guessous Idris et al. (2022). Association between anthropometric markers of adiposity, adipokines and vitamin D levels. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19409-9.
  271. Tung KTS, Wong RS, Tsang HW, Chan BNK, Wong SY, So HK, Tung JYL, Ho MHK, Wong WHS, Ip P. (2021). An Assessment of Risk Factors for Insufficient Levels of Vitamin D during Early Infancy.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041068. PMID: 33806056.
  272. Park Hye Y., Kim Jin H., Bae Sanghyuk et al. (2015). Interaction effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and CYP1A1, CYP1B1 polymorphisms on blood pressure in an elderly population. Journal of Hypertension. DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000381.
  273. Lee EY, Lee SJ, Kim KM, Yun YM, Song BM, Kim JE, Kim HC, Rhee Y, Youm Y, Kim CO. (2017). Association of metabolic syndrome and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with cognitive impairment among elderly Koreans.. Geriatr Gerontol Int. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12826. PMID: 27444567.
  274. Gudmundsdottir SL, Hrafnkelsson H, Sigurdsson EL et al. (2020). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 16-year-old Icelandic adolescent and its association with bone mineral density. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004142.
  275. Gill Tiffany K, Hill Catherine L, Shanahan E Michael et al. (2014). Vitamin D levels in an Australian population. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1001.
  276. Chen Chia-Hung, Liu Li-Kuo, Chen Mei-Ju et al. (2018). Associations between vitamin D deficiency, musculoskeletal health, and cardiometabolic risk among community-living people in Taiwan. Medicine. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013886.
  277. Hutchings N, Babalyan V, Heijboer AC, Baghdasaryan S, Qefoyan M, Ivanyan A, Ackermans MT, Formenti AM, Lesnyak O, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP. (2022). Vitamin D status in Armenian women: a stratified cross-sectional cluster analysis.. Eur J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00934-1. PMID: 33986494.
  278. Leitão J, Carvalhana S, Silva AP, Velasco F, Medeiros I, Alves AC, Bourbon M, Oliveiros B, Carvalho A, Cortez-Pinto H. (2018). No Evidence for Lower Levels of Serum Vitamin D in the Presence of Hepatic Steatosis. A Study on the Portuguese General Population.. Int J Med Sci. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26586. PMID: 30588203.
  279. Hurskainen Anne‐Riina, Virtanen Jyrki K., Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka et al. (2012). Association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with type 2 diabetes and markers of insulin resistance in a general older population in Finland. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2286.
  280. Abu Shady Mones M., Youssef Mai M., Salah El-Din Ebtissam M. et al. (2016). Predictors of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among a Sample of Egyptian Schoolchildren. The Scientific World Journal. DOI: 10.1155/2016/8175768.
  281. Lopes JB, Fernandes GH, Takayama L, Figueiredo CP, Pereira RM. (2014). A predictive model of vitamin D insufficiency in older community people: from the São Paulo Aging & Health Study (SPAH).. Maturitas. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.023. PMID: 24985066.
  282. Hekimoğlu B, Erin R, Yılmaz HK. (2023). Comparison of cord blood and 6-month-old vitamin D levels of healthy term infants supplemented with 400 IU/day dose of vitamin D.. Eur J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01220-4. PMID: 36241726.
  283. Chlebna-Sokół Danuta, Konstantynowicz Jerzy, Abramowicz Paweł et al. (2018). Evidence of a significant vitamin D deficiency among 9–13-year-old Polish children: results of a multicentre study. European Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1756-4.
  284. Pilz Stefan, Dobnig Harald, Tomaschitz Andreas et al. (2012). Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Female Nursing Home Residents. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3043.
  285. Khan Aysha Habib, Iqbal Romaina, Naureen Ghazala et al. (2012). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates: results of a community-based study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-012-0108-x.
  286. Kassem E, Eilat-Adar S, Sindiani M, Ben-Zaken S. (2020). Sex Differences in Vitamin D Deficiency and Anthropometric Measurements in School-age Children from Rural Areas in Israel.. Isr Med Assoc J. PMID: 33249790.
  287. Chailurkit LO, Aekplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B. (2012). The association between vitamin D status and type 2 diabetes in a Thai population, a cross-sectional study.. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04422.x. PMID: 22530700.
  288. Su Yi, Leung Jason, Lee Jenny et al. (2020). The effect of physical activity on dose-relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular health events in older adults. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.006.
  289. Robinson Sonia L, Ramirez-Zea Manuel, Roman Ana Victoria et al. (2017). Correlates and family aggregation of vitamin D concentrations in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001616.
  290. Li Jing, Ding Wenqing, Cao Juan et al. (2018). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density among children and adolescents in a Northwest Chinese city. Bone. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.006.
  291. Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar, Muñoz-Aguirre Paloma, López Desiree et al. (2019). Low Serum Vitamin D Concentrations Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Mexican Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11092109.
  292. MacDonell Sue O., Miller Jody C., Harper Michelle J. et al. (2021). Multiple Micronutrients, Including Zinc, Selenium and Iron, Are Positively Associated with Anemia in New Zealand Aged Care Residents. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041072.
  293. Meshkibaf Mohammad Hassan, Mousazadeh Somayeh, Maleknia Mahsa et al. (2021). Association of vitamin D deficiency with vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and CYP2R1 polymorphisms in Iranian population. Meta Gene. DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100824.
  294. Menezes Camilla Almeida, Magalhães Letícia Bastos, da Silva Jacqueline Tereza et al. (2023). Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Is Related to Higher Trans Fatty Acids, Sugar Intake, and Micronutrient-Impaired Status in Schoolchildren of Bahia, Brazil. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu15020381.
  295. Liu Ling, Cao Zhaojin, Lu Feng et al. (2020). Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in elderly Chinese individuals: evidence from CLHLS. Nutrition & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00479-3.
  296. Shinkov A, Borissova A-M, Dakovska L et al. (2014). Winter 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in young urban adults are affected by smoking, body mass index and educational level. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.163.
  297. Kaykhaei Mahmoud Ali, Hashemi Mohammad, Narouie Behzad et al. (2011). High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1159/000323749.
  298. Ge Huina, Sun Hualei, Wang Teng et al. (2017). The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration and serum lipids in the rural population of China. Lipids in Health and Disease. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0603-6.
  299. Pannu Poonam K, Zhao Yun, Soares Mario J et al. (2016). The associations of vitamin D status and dietary calcium with the metabolic syndrome: an analysis of the Victorian Health Monitor survey. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001609.
  300. Riaz H., Finlayson A.E., Bashir S. et al. (2016). Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan and implications for the future. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1122519.
  301. Yan Dan-dan, Wang Jie, Hou Xu-hong et al. (2017). Association of serum uric acid levels with osteoporosis and bone turnover markers in a Chinese population. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.165.
  302. Li M., Lv F., Zhang Z. et al. (2016). Establishment of a normal reference value of parathyroid hormone in a large healthy Chinese population and evaluation of its relation to bone turnover and bone mineral density. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3475-5.
  303. Thompson Michael, Aitken Dawn, Balogun Saliu et al. (2021). Population Vitamin D Stores Are Increasing in Tasmania, and This Is Associated With Less BMD Loss Over 10 Years. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab197.
  304. Kensara Osama A., Helal Omar F., El-Kafy Ehab M. Abd et al. (2019). The Combined Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency and Hyperparathyroidism on Postural Stability among Healthy Adult Males. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.406.411.
  305. Paul Bobby, Pan Tania, Dasgupta Aparajita et al. (2020). Bone health and its association with vitamin D and other covariates: A community-based study among women in a rural area of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_148_19.
  306. Cai M, Wang Y, Liu T, Huang Y. (2023). Interaction between Vitamin D Status and Calcium Intake in Association with Blood Pressure and Hypertension.. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.81. PMID: 37121727.
  307. Jain V, Gupta N, Kalaivani M, Jain A, Sinha A, Agarwal R. (2011). Vitamin D deficiency in healthy breastfed term infants at 3 months & their mothers in India: seasonal variation & determinants.. Indian J Med Res. PMID: 21441679.
  308. Zamoiski Rachel D., Guallar Eliseo, García-Vargas Gonzalo G. et al. (2014). Association of Arsenic and Metals with Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D among Adolescents in Torreón, Mexico. Environmental Health Perspectives. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307861.
  309. Khor Geok L, Chee Winnie SS, Shariff Zalilah M et al. (2011). High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its association with BMI-for-age among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-95.
  310. Ramankutty P, de Klerk NH, Miller M, Fenech M, O'Callaghan N, Armstrong BK, Milne E. (2014). Ultraviolet radiation exposure and serum vitamin D levels in young children.. J Paediatr Child Health. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12657. PMID: 24942046.
  311. , Greene-Finestone L. S., Berger C. et al. (2010). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Canadian adults: biological, environmental, and behavioral correlates. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1362-7.
  312. Meoli M, Muggli F, Lava SAG, Bianchetti MG, Agostoni C, Kocher C, Bührer TW, Ciliberti L, Simonetti GD, Milani GP. (2021). Vitamin D Status in Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051467. PMID: 33925932.
  313. Jakab E, Kalina E, Petho Z, Pap Z, Balogh A, Grant WB, Bhattoa HP. (2017). Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from the HunMen cohort.. Osteoporos Int. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3924-4. PMID: 28321506.
  314. Batieha A., Khader Y., Jaddou H. et al. (2011). Vitamin D Status in Jordan: Dress Style and Gender Discrepancies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1159/000323097.
  315. Al-Dabhani K, Tsilidis K K, Murphy N et al. (2017). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with metabolic syndrome in a Qatari population. Nutrition & Diabetes. DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.14.
  316. Cantio Emily, Bilenberg Niels, Nørgaard Signe Monrad et al. (2022). Vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood associates with intelligence quotient at age 7 years: An Odense child cohort study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1177/00048674221116027.
  317. Nguyen Huong T.T., von Schoultz Bo, Nguyen Tuan V. et al. (2012). Vitamin D deficiency in northern Vietnam: Prevalence, risk factors and associations with bone mineral density. Bone. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.023.
  318. Choi Dong Phil, Oh Sun Min, Lee Ju-Mi et al. (2014). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Apparently Healthy Adolescents. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103108.
  319. Sheen Youn Ho, Lee Eun, Kang Mi-Jin et al. (2016). Interaction between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and variants at 17q12-21 on respiratory infections. Pediatric Pulmonology. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23421.
  320. Maharana SwanyaPrabha, Garg Shobhit, Dasgupta Aparajita et al. (2018). Sun exposure and Vitamin D in rural India: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_258_18.
  321. Voortman Trudy, van den Hooven Edith H, Heijboer Annemieke C et al. (2015). Vitamin D Deficiency in School-Age Children Is Associated with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors. The Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.208280.
  322. Jamka K, Adamczuk P, Skowrońska A, Bojar I, Raszewski G. (2021). Assessment of the effect of estradiol on biochemical bone turnover markers among postmenopausal women.. Ann Agric Environ Med. DOI: 10.26444/aaem/135529. PMID: 34184518.
  323. Lee David M, Tajar Abdelouahid, O’Neill Terence W et al. (2010). Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among community-dwelling European men. Journal of Psychopharmacology. DOI: 10.1177/0269881110379287.
  324. Hauksson HH, Hrafnkelsson H, Magnusson KT, Johannsson E, Sigurdsson EL. (2016). Vitamin D status of Icelandic children and its influence on bone accrual.. J Bone Miner Metab. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0704-0. PMID: 26220169.
  325. Davarzani Samira, Djafarian Kurosh, Clark Cain C. T. et al. (2021). The interaction of aging with serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D status on muscle strength. International Journal of Clinical Practice. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14510.
  326. Tokida Ryosuke, Uehara Masashi, Nakano Masaki et al. (2021). Reference values for bone metabolism in a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic elderly resident registry. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87393-7.
  327. Ghosh Sujoy, Mukhopadhyay Pradip, Pandit Kaushik et al. (2019). Pandemic of Vitamin D deficiency: Cardiometabolic concern or skeletal biochemical abnormality?. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_59_19.
  328. Lingham Gareth, Yazar Seyhan, Lucas Robyn M. et al. (2019). Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Is Not Associated With Refractive Error in Middle-Aged and Older Western Australian Adults. Translational Vision Science & Technology. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.13.
  329. Jeenduang Nutjaree, Plyduang Thunyaluk, Horpet Dararat (2020). Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome in Thai postmenopausal women. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.018.
  330. de Koning Elisa J., Verweij Lotte, Lips Paul et al. (2017). The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and anxiety symptoms in older persons: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.04.005.
  331. Hu Yichun, Li Siran, Wang Jun et al. (2021). Threshold for Relationship between Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413060.
  332. Rosendahl Jenni, Fogelholm Mikael, Pelkonen Anna et al. (2017). A History of Cow’s Milk Allergy Is Associated with Lower Vitamin D Status in Schoolchildren. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. DOI: 10.1159/000478779.
  333. El Badawy Amal A., Aboserea Mona M., El Seifi Omnia S. et al. (2014). Vitamin D, Parathormone and Associated Minerals among Students in Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000204.
  334. El-Khateeb Mohammed, Khader Yousef, Batieha Anwer et al. (2019). Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in Jordan. SAGE Open Medicine. DOI: 10.1177/2050312119876151.
  335. EN Grineva, T Karonova, E Micheeva et al. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes type 2 in women at late reproductive age. Aging. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100582.
  336. Xu Y, Gao C, He J, Gu W, Yi C, Chen B, Wang Q, Tang F, Xu J, Yue H, Zhang Z. (2020). Sclerostin and Its Associations With Bone Metabolism Markers and Sex Hormones in Healthy Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals and Adolescents.. Front Cell Dev Biol. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00057. PMID: 32117983.
  337. Srimani Soumi, Saha Indranil, Chaudhuri Debnath (2017). Prevalence and association of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women in a rural block of West Bengal, India. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188331.
  338. Rodríguez-Rodríguez Elena, Aparicio Aránzazu, Andrés Pedro et al. (2014). Moderate Vitamin D Deficiency and Inflammation Related Markers in Overweight/Obese Schoolchildren. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000197.
  339. AlBuhairan Fadia S., Tamim Hani, Al Dubayee Mohammad et al. (2015). Time for an Adolescent Health Surveillance System in Saudi Arabia: Findings From “Jeeluna”. Journal of Adolescent Health. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.06.009.
  340. Rautenbach Petro H., Nienaber-Rousseau Cornelie, de Lange-Loots Zelda et al. (2022). Associations Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Total and γ' Fibrinogen and Plasma Clot Properties and Gene Interactions in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868542.
  341. Pérez-Bravo Francisco, Duarte Lissette, Arredondo-Olguín Miguel et al. (2021). Vitamin D status and obesity in children from Chile. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01043-9.
  342. Lim Soo, Shin Hayley, Kim Min Ju et al. (2012). Vitamin D Inadequacy Is Associated with Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Community-Based Elderly Cohort: The Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1580.
  343. Lee Jiseon, Won Woo Hye, Kim Jihye et al. (2021). Independent and interactive associations of season, dietary vitamin D, and vitamin D-related genetic variants with serum 25(OH)D in Korean adults aged 40 years or older. Endocrine Journal. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0519.
  344. Arazi Hamid, Eghbali Ehsan (2019). &lt;p&gt;25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relation to muscle strength, maximal oxygen consumption, and body mass index in young and middle adulthood women&lt;/p&gt;. International Journal of Women's Health. DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s188914.
  345. Delinocente Maicon Luís Bicigo, Luiz Mariane Marques, de Oliveira Dayane Capra et al. (2022). Are Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dynapenia?. Calcified Tissue International. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01021-8.
  346. Wang Xinyi, Liu Lichao, Li Ping et al. (2017). Reference and Influential Factors of Serum Bone Markers in Chinese Adolescents. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17670-x.
  347. de Oliveira Daniela Leite, Dokkedal-Silva Vinícius, Fernandes Guilherme Luiz et al. (2021). Sleep duration as an independent factor associated with vitamin D levels in the EPISONO cohort. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9452.
  348. Yao Yao, Fu Shihui, Li N. et al. (2019). Sex, Residence and Fish Intake Predict Vitamin D Status in Chinese Centenarians. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1126-1.
  349. Vahid Farhad, Hoge Axelle, Hébert James R. et al. (2023). Association of diet quality indices with serum and metabolic biomarkers in participants of the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study. European Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03095-y.
  350. , Huta-Osiecka Anna, et al. (2017). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and selected diet components in postmenopausal women [pdf]. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria. DOI: 10.17306/j.afs.2017.0519.
  351. Klenk J., Rapp K., Denkinger M. D. et al. (2013). Seasonality of vitamin D status in older people in Southern Germany: implications for assessment. Age and Ageing. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft042.
  352. Juwita Feby, Gumilang Lani, Risan Nelly Amalia et al. (2021). The Association of Vitamin D and Neurodevelopmental Status Among 2 Years Old Infants. Global Pediatric Health. DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211034075.
  353. Grant Cameron C, Wall Clare R, Crengle Sue et al. (2009). Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009004820.
  354. Li Haibo, Huang Tao, Xiao Pei et al. (2020). Widespread vitamin D deficiency and its sex-specific association with adiposity in Chinese children and adolescents. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110646.
  355. Khader Yousef S, Batieha Anwar, Jaddou Hashim et al. (2011). Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome among Jordanian adults. Nutrition Research and Practice. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.132.
  356. Mallah Eyad M, Hamad Mohammad F, ElManaseer Mays A et al. (2011). Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among Jordanians: Effect of biological and habitual factors on vitamin D status. BMC Clinical Pathology. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-11-8.
  357. Laaksi Akseli, Laaksi Ilkka, Pihlajamäki Harri et al. (2023). Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance and anabolic hormones in young men. Frontiers in Physiology. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503.
  358. Xia Zhiwei, Man Qingqing, Li Lixiang et al. (2019). Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms modify the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with handgrip strength in the elderly in Northern China. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.025.
  359. Oden Akman Alkim, Tumer Leyla, Hasanoglu Alev et al. (2011). Frequency of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy children between 1 and 16 years of age in Turkey. Pediatrics International. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03486.x.
  360. Kull M., Kallikorm R., Lember M. (2012). Vitamin D as a possible independent predictor of bone mineral density in Estonian adults: a cross‐sectional population‐based study. Internal Medicine Journal. DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02397.x.
  361. Delshad Maryam, Beck Kathryn L., Conlon Cathryn A. et al. (2019). Fracture Risk Factors among Children Living in New Zealand. 2019 Annual Meeting of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand. DOI: 10.3390/proceedings2019037019.
  362. Larsen AU, Hopstock LA, Jorde R, Grimnes G. (2022). Associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and subjective sleep measures in an arctic population: Insights from the population-based Tromsø Study.. Sleep Med X. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2022.100056. PMID: 36274862.
  363. Imran Yudhisman, Aswar Andini, Rachmiyani Irmiya et al. (2019). Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level increases carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women. Universa Medicina. DOI: 10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.114-120.
  364. Dunlop et al. (2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and vitamin D status worldwide. Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaf080.
  365. Xiao P, Dong H, Li H, Yan Y, Cheng H, Liu J, Zhao X, Hou D, Mi J. (2020). Adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children, especially obese children.. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000846. PMID: 32071197.
  366. Zhu Wei, Heil Daniel P. (2018). Associations of vitamin D status with markers of metabolic health: A community-based study in Shanghai, China. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.010.
  367. Hirschler Valeria, Maccallini Gustavo, Molinari Claudia et al. (2014). Association between vitamin D and Apo B concentrations in Argentinean Indian children. Clinica Chimica Acta. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.012.
  368. , Schramm Sara, Lahner Harald et al. (2017). Impact of season and different vitamin D thresholds on prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in epidemiological cohorts—a note of caution. Endocrine. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1292-7.
  369. Zhang Hua-qi, Teng Jian-hua, Li Ying et al. (2014). Vitamin D status and its association with adiposity and oxidative stress in schoolchildren. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.024.
  370. ZHAO Nan, ZHEN Donghu, ZHAO Zhiyun et al. (2022). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes from a Chinese Cohort Study. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.8.
  371. Zhou Wenjuan, Deng Yuanying, Zhang Chen et al. (2022). Chlorpyrifos residue level and ADHD among children aged 1–6 years in rural China: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Pediatrics. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.952559.
  372. Gannagé-Yared M. H., Sabbagh R., Chédid R. (2018). Relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile in Lebanese school children. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0840-1.
  373. Younes Nada, El Hajj Marie-Ange, Bizdikian Aren Joe et al. (2019). An epidemiological evaluation of fractures and its determinants among Lebanese schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-019-0559-4.
  374. Yoshimura N., Muraki S., Oka H. et al. (2013). Profiles of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in Japanese men and women: association with biological, environmental, and nutritional factors and coexisting disorders: the ROAD study. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2372-z.
  375. Begum Azmathullah Arshiya, Kirubharan Selvapandian, Jeyasubramanian Latha et al. (2016). STUDY OF VITAMIN D LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2016/1080.
  376. Blomberg Maria, Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L., Camargo Carlos A. et al. (2017). Low Maternal Prenatal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Blood Levels Are Associated with Childhood Atopic Dermatitis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.029.
  377. de Oliveira Cecilia Lacroix, Cureau Felipe Vogt, Cople-Rodrigues Claudia dos Santos et al. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in adolescents from a sunny country: Findings from the ERICA survey. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105609.
  378. Kapil Umesh, Pandey Ravindra Mohan, Sharma Brij et al. (2018). Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children (6–18 years) Residing in Kullu and Kangra Districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2577-9.
  379. Sarma Dipti, Saikia UmaK, Baro Abhamoni (2019). Vitamin D status of school children in and around Guwahati. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_552_18.
  380. Talaei Afsaneh, Yadegari Nasrin, Rafee Mohamad et al. (2012). Prevalence and cut-off point of vitamin D deficiency among secondary students of Arak, Iran in 2010. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.100676.
  381. Khadilkar Anuradha, Kajale Neha, Oza Chirantap et al. (2022). Vitamin D status and determinants in Indian children and adolescents: a multicentre study. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21279-0.
  382. Kimlin M. G., Lucas R. M., Harrison S. L. et al. (2014). The Contributions of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Other Determinants to Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Australian Adults: The AusD Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt446.
  383. Biben Vitriana, Defi Irma Ruslina, Nugraha Gaga Irawan et al. (2017). Vitamin D Status and its Impact on Body Composition in Elderly Community-dwelling Individuals in Bandung and Sumedang, West Java Province, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Epidemiology. DOI: 10.3923/aje.2017.63.69.
  384. Hata R, Miyamoto K, Abe Y, Sasaki T, Oguma Y, Tajima T, Arai Y, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Kanaji A, Miyamoto T. (2023). Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are associated with each other and reduced IGF1 levels are a risk for both diseases in the very old elderly.. Bone. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116570. PMID: 36182103.
  385. Chen Li-Wei, Chien Chih-Yi, Hsieh Chia-Wen et al. (2016). The Associations Between Helicobacter pylori Infection, Serum Vitamin D, and Metabolic Syndrome. Medicine. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003616.
  386. Egeland Grace M., Johnson-Down Louise, Cao Zhirong R. et al. (2011). Food Insecurity and Nutrition Transition Combine to Affect Nutrient Intakes in Canadian Arctic Communities,. The Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.139006.
  387. Dong Caixia, Ge Pengfei, Ren Xiaolan et al. (2014). The Micronutrient Status of Children Aged 24–60 Months Living in Rural Disaster Areas One Year after the Wenchuan Earthquake. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088444.
  388. Sun Xiaomin, Cao Zhen-Bo, Tanisawa Kumpei et al. (2014). The Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Men. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu7010091.
  389. Johansson H., Odén A., Kanis J. et al. (2011). Low serum vitamin D is associated with increased mortality in elderly men: MrOS Sweden. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1809-5.
  390. Santos Betânia Rodrigues, Costa Nathália Cruz, Silva Thais Rasia et al. (2019). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women from southern Brazil and association with vitamin D-binding protein levels and GC-DBP gene polymorphisms. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226215.
  391. Milagres Luana Cupertino, Filgueiras Mariana De Santis, Rocha Naruna Pereira et al. (2020). Vitamin D is associated with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Brazilian children. Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa041.
  392. Øverby Nina Cecilie, Johannesen Elisabeth, Jensen Grete et al. (2014). Test–retest reliability and validity of a web-based food-frequency questionnaire for adolescents aged 13–14 to be used in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Food & Nutrition Research. DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.23956.
  393. Choi Hye Rin, Lee Seung Won, Yeom Hyungseon et al. (2017). Association between vitamin D status and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration in the Korean elderly population. Maturitas. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.05.002.
  394. Hekimsoy Zeliha, Dinç Gönül, Kafesçiler Sabriye et al. (2010). Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-782.
  395. Milagres Luana Cupertino, Filgueiras Mariana De Santis, Rocha Naruna Pereira et al. (2020). Cutoff point estimation for serum vitamin D concentrations to predict cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0624-5.
  396. Shetty Sahana, Kapoor Nitin, Naik Dukhabandhu et al. (2014). Osteoporosis in Healthy South Indian Males and the Influence of Life Style Factors and Vitamin D Status on Bone Mineral Density. Journal of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1155/2014/723238.
  397. Sonderman JS, Munro HM, Blot WJ, Signorello LB. (2012). Reproducibility of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and vitamin D-binding protein levels over time in a prospective cohort study of black and white adults.. Am J Epidemiol. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws141. PMID: 22975199.
  398. Khan Aysha Habib, Fatima Syeda Sadia, Raheem Ahmed et al. (2019). Are serum leptin levels predicted by lipoproteins, vitamin D and body composition?. World Journal of Diabetes. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i4.260.
  399. Naganuma Junko, Koyama Satomi, Arisaka Osamu et al. (2022). Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with obesity and atherogenesis in adolescent boys. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142112.056.
  400. Merchant RA, van Dam RM, Tan LWL, Lim MY, Low JL, Morley JE. (2018). Vitamin D Binding Protein and Vitamin D Levels in Multi-Ethnic Population.. J Nutr Health Aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1114-5. PMID: 30379303.
  401. Kuwabara A, Tsugawa N, Ao M, Ohta J, Tanaka K. (2020). Vitamin D deficiency as the risk of respiratory tract infections in the institutionalized elderly: A prospective 1-year cohort study.. Clin Nutr ESPEN. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.08.012. PMID: 33183555.
  402. Jiajue R, Liu S, Pei Y, Qi X, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang X, Huang W, Zheng X, Ning Z, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Yu W, Xu L, Xia W. (2021). Associations between Osteocalcin, Calciotropic Hormones, and Energy Metabolism in a Cohort of Chinese Postmenopausal Women: Peking Vertebral Fracture Study.. Int J Endocrinol. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585018. PMID: 33833796.
  403. Tandon Vishal R., Sharma Sudhaa, Mahajan Shagun et al. (2014). Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among Indian menopausal women and its correlation with diabetes: A first Indian cross sectional data. Journal of Mid-life Health. DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.141188.
  404. Deng Jiamin, Guo Siqi, Liu Xiaojuan et al. (2022). The Interaction between Vitamin D and Diets on Serum Lipids in Chinese Han Adolescents. Clinical Laboratory. DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.201202.
  405. Pang Xuehong, Yang Zhenyu, Wang Jie et al. (2021). Relationship between Serum 25OH-Vitamin D2 Level and Vitamin D Status of Children Aged 3–5 Years in China. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13114135.
  406. De la Cruz-Góngora Vanessa, Salinas-Rodríguez Aarón, Flores-Aldana Mario et al. (2021). Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13113814.
  407. LIU Yashu, XIA Yang, WU Qijun et al. (2021). Associations between Serum Vitamins and Serum Uric Acid in a Population of Shenyang, China. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.77.
  408. Wang Yi, Wang Yan-Jiao, Zhan Jun-Kun et al. (2014). Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects the Correlation of 25(OH)D and Frailty in the Older Men. International Journal of Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1155/2014/543783.
  409. Paes-Silva Rebecca Peixoto, Tomiya Marilia Tokiko Oliveira, Maio Regiane et al. (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in adolescents. Nutrición Hospitalaria. DOI: 10.20960/nh.1785.
  410. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi (2019). Study of Vitamin D deficiency and contributing factors in the population of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. DOI: 10.36721/pjps/32/3/01.05.2019/5009/1063-1068.
  411. Galeazzi Tiziana, Quattrini Sara, Pjetraj Dorina et al. (2023). Vitamin D status in healthy Italian school-age children: a single-center cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01422-x.
  412. Karhapää P., Pihlajamäki J., Pörsti I. et al. (2011). Glomerular filtration rate and parathyroid hormone are associated with 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in men without chronic kidney disease. Journal of Internal Medicine. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02471.x.
  413. Raposo Luís, Martins Sandra, Ferreira Daniela et al. (2017). Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and metabolic syndrome – the PORMETS study. BMC Endocrine Disorders. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0221-3.
  414. Nichols E K, Khatib I M D, Aburto N J et al. (2012). Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among non-pregnant Jordanian women of reproductive age. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.25.
  415. Rufus-Membere Pamela, Holloway-Kew Kara L, Diez-Perez Adolfo et al. (2019). Associations Between Bone Impact Microindentation and Clinical Risk Factors for Fracture. Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00415.
  416. Lam V, Albrecht MA, Takechi R, Prasopsang P, Lee YP, Foster JK, Mamo JC. (2016). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with reduced verbal episodic memory in healthy, middle-aged and older adults.. Eur J Nutr. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0968-0. PMID: 26130325.
  417. Lu You, Zheng Yanjun, Wang Ningjian et al. (2017). The Relationship between Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes Is Intriguing: Glimpses from the Spect-China Study. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1159/000480711.
  418. Wakayo Tolassa, Belachew Tefera, Vatanparast Hassan et al. (2015). Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Predictors in a Country with Thirteen Months of Sunshine: The Case of School Children in Central Ethiopia. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120963.
  419. Li C, Chen P, Duan X, Wang J, Shu B, Li X, Ba Q, Li J, Wang Y, Wang H. (2017). Bioavailable 25(OH)D but Not Total 25(OH)D Is an Independent Determinant for Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Postmenopausal Women.. EBioMedicine. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.029. PMID: 27919752.
  420. Kim Guilsun, Oh Ki Won, Jang Eun-Hee et al. (2012). Relationship between Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Koreans. Journal of Korean Medical Science. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.6.636.
  421. Tse Sze Man, Weiler Hope, Kovesi Tom (2016). Food insecurity, vitamin D insufficiency and respiratory infections among Inuit children. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.29954.
  422. El Maataoui Aissam, Biaz Asmae, El Machtani Samira et al. (2016). Vitamin D status in healthy Moroccan men and women aged 50 years and older: a cross-sectional study. Archives of Osteoporosis. DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0279-y.
  423. Jelmila SN (2020). Correlation between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels with Telomere Length in Premenopausal Minangkabau Ethnicity Women. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v11i3.1566.
  424. Niimi Ryuji, Chiba Ko, Okazaki Narihiro et al. (2022). Relationships between QUS and HR-pQCT, DXA, and bone turnover markers. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01346-2.
  425. Orces Carlos H. (2015). Vitamin D Status among Older Adults Residing in the Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador. The Scientific World Journal. DOI: 10.1155/2015/545297.
  426. Mat S, Jaafar MH, Sockalingam S, Raja J, Kamaruzzaman SB, Chin AV, Abbas AA, Chan CK, Hairi NN, Othman S, Cumming R, Tan MP. (2018). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with ethnicity and knee pain in a multi-ethnic South-East Asian nation: Results from Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR).. Int J Rheum Dis. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13279. PMID: 29611292.
  427. Rabenberg M, Scheidt-Nave C, Busch MA, Thamm M, Rieckmann N, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Dowling KG, Škrabáková Z, Cashman KD, Sempos CT, Mensink GBM. (2018). Implications of standardization of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data for the evaluation of vitamin D status in Germany, including a temporal analysis.. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5769-y. PMID: 29980236.
  428. Dimakopoulos Ioannis, Magriplis Emmanuella, Mitsopoulou Anastasia-Vasiliki et al. (2019). Association of serum vitamin D status with dietary intake and sun exposure in adults. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.09.008.
  429. Saberi-Karimian M, Ghazizadeh H, Zanganeh Baygi M, Minaie M, Sadeghi F, Pouraram H, Elmadfa I, Esmaily H, Khadem Rezaian M, Tavallaei S, Mohammadi Bajgiran M, Zare Feyz-Abadi R, Timar A, Sharifan P, Bahrami Taghanaki H, Gholian M, Farahmand SK, Abasalti Z, Farkhani EM, Akhgari A, Smailzadeh A, Izanloo H, Nikpour M, Haghveysi A, Mohammadkarimi A, Yaghoubi A, Rahimi A, Tabatabaei SM, Sheikhzadeh K, Sheikhi M, Shahraki F, Farajian F, Salehizadeh M, Khanavi M, Ghanouni F, Goudarzi S, Ferns GA, Abdollahi Z, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. (2023). The national health program for vitamin D supplementation in a developing country.. Clin Nutr ESPEN. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.012. PMID: 36963898.
  430. Cobayashi Fernanda, Lourenço Bárbara, Cardoso Marly (2015). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels, BsmI Polymorphism and Insulin Resistance in Brazilian Amazonian Children. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612531.
  431. Ganie Mohd Ashraf, Sahar Tajali, Wani Ishfaq et al. (2022). Vitamin D status among Kashmiri tribal population: A cross-sectional community-based study. Indian Journal of Medical Research. DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_544_19.
  432. Soontrapa S, Soontrapa S, Chaikitpinyo S. (2015). Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency among Elderly Males Living in Rural Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand.. J Med Assoc Thai. PMID: 26529810.
  433. Dalgård Christine, Petersen Maria Skaalum, Weihe Pal et al. (2011). Vitamin D Status in Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Septuagenarians. Diabetes Care. DOI: 10.2337/dc10-2084.
  434. Stephan Yannick, Sutin Angelina R, Luchetti Martina et al. (2022). The Mediating Role of Biomarkers in the Association Between Subjective Aging and Episodic Memory. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac155.
  435. Sanwalka N, Khadilkar A, Chiplonkar S, Khatod K, Phadke N, Khadilkar V. (2013). Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mass indices in post-menarchal Indian adolescent girls.. J Bone Miner Metab. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0390-0. PMID: 23081732.
  436. Liu Yan, Li Xinyi, Zhao Ai et al. (2018). High Prevalence of Insufficient Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Chinese School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu10070822.
  437. Kim Yejin, Chang Yoosoo, Ryu Seungho et al. (2022). Resolution of, and Risk of Incident Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Changes in Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Status. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac255.
  438. Peng Hao, Li Hongmei, Li Chao et al. (2013). Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Elevated Serum Uric Acid among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Han Women. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061159.
  439. Lategan Ronette, Van den Berg Violet L., Ilich Jasminka Z. et al. (2016). Vitamin D status, hypertension and body mass index in an urban black community in Mangaung, South Africa. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1210.
  440. Kapil Umesh, Pandey RavindraMohan, Goswami Ravinder et al. (2017). Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors among children residing at high altitude in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.196031.
  441. Chiang Daniel, Kramer Holly, Luke Amy et al. (2017). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension. DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001263.
  442. Nakhaee Samaneh, Ali Yaghoubi Mohammad, Zarban Asghar et al. (2019). Vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in normal adult population of Birjand, Iran. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.002.
  443. Cabral Maria, Araújo Joana, Lopes Carla et al. (2017). Relationship between dietary vitamin D and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Portuguese adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017002804.
  444. González-Molero I, Morcillo S, Valdés S et al. (2010). Vitamin D deficiency in Spain: a population-based cohort study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.265.
  445. Nakamura K., Saito T., Kobayashi R. et al. (2010). C-reactive protein predicts incident fracture in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women: the Muramatsu study. Osteoporosis International. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1425-9.
  446. Horton-French K, Dunlop E, Lucas RM, Pereira G, Black LJ. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents and young adults.. Eur J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00880-y. PMID: 33649524.
  447. Aspelund Thor, Grübler Martin R., Smith Albert V. et al. (2019). Effect of Genetically Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Mortality Risk: Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 3 Large European Cohorts. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu11010074.
  448. Samefors Maria, Östgren Carl Johan, Mölstad Sigvard et al. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency in elderly people in Swedish nursing homes is associated with increased mortality. European Journal of Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0855.
  449. Jarosz Alicia C., Noori Daniel, Zeitoun Tara et al. (2021). Variation in the vitamin D receptor gene, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and risk of premenstrual symptoms. Genes & Nutrition. DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00696-2.
  450. Ghosh Sujoy, Mukhopadhyay Pradip, Bhattacharjee Kingshuk et al. (2019). Inverse relationship between 25 hydroxy Vitamin D and parathormone: Are there two inflection points?. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_322_19.
  451. Erasmus Rajiv, Maepa Setjie, Machingura Ian et al. (2022). Vitamin D, Vitamin D-Binding Proteins, and VDR Polymorphisms in Individuals with Hyperglycaemia. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14153147.
  452. Martini Lígia A., Verly Eliseu, Marchioni Dirce M.L. et al. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of calcium and vitamin D status adequacy in adolescents, adults, and elderly from the Health Survey—São Paulo. Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.009.
  453. Bojar Iwona, Raczkiewicz Dorota, Sarecka-Hujar Beata (2020). Depression, Metabolic Syndrome, Serum TSH, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Rural and Urban Postmenopausal Women. Medicina. DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100511.
  454. Hribar M, Hristov H, Gregorič M, Blaznik U, Zaletel K, Oblak A, Osredkar J, Kušar A, Žmitek K, Rogelj I, Pravst I. (2020). Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population.. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu12061838. PMID: 32575612.
  455. Rezaei Omolbanin Motamed, Sharifi Farshad, Moodi Mitra et al. (2023). The Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Status among Older Adults: Data from a Longitudinal Aging Study. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_366_21.
  456. Goodwill Alicia M., Campbell Stephen, Simpson Steven et al. (2018). Vitamin D status is associated with executive function a decade later: Data from the Women’s Healthy Ageing Project. Maturitas. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.10.005.
  457. Bhatt Surya Prakash, Misra Anoop, Sharma Mukti et al. (2014). Vitamin D Insufficiency Is Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Urban Asian Indians Without Diabetes in North India. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2013.0303.
  458. Abrahão Giovanna P., Santos Marcia C., Vieira Filho João Paulo B. et al. (2021). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and its association with glucose intolerance in an indigenous population. Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.015.
  459. Garg MK, Tandon N, Marwaha RK, Menon AS, Mahalle N. (2014). The relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathormone and bone mineral density in Indian population.. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/cen.12248. PMID: 23682759.
  460. Farber Paulo L., Dias Ana, Freitas Teresa et al. (2021). Evaluation of hemorheological parameters as biomarkers of calcium metabolism and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. DOI: 10.3233/ch-200956.
  461. Nielsen Nina O., Bjerregaard Peter, Rønn Pernille F. et al. (2016). Associations between Vitamin D Status and Type 2 Diabetes Measures among Inuit in Greenland May Be Affected by Other Factors. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152763.
  462. Mustafa Akif, Shekhar Chander (2021). Concentration levels of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D and vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents of India: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02803-z.
  463. Terock Jan, Hannemann Anke, Weihs Antoine et al. (2021). Alexithymia is associated with reduced vitamin D levels, but not polymorphisms of the vitamin D binding-protein gene. Psychiatric Genetics. DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000283.
  464. Flores Ruelas Y, Del Toro Equihua M, Alejandra Jiménez Solís N, Baltazar Rodríguez LM, Delgado Enciso I, Sánchez Ramírez CA. (2020). Vitamin D status and its relation to insulin resistance in a Mexican pediatric population.. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0510. PMID: 32112703.
  465. Chaudhry Aeysha Bushra, Hajat Shakoor, Rizkallah Najwa et al. (2018). Risk factors for vitamin A and D deficiencies among children under-five in the state of Palestine. Conflict and Health. DOI: 10.1186/s13031-018-0148-y.
  466. Huang Ying Yue, Zhang Wei Sen, Jiang Chao Qiang et al. (2022). Mendelian randomization on the association of obesity with vitamin D: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01234-y.
  467. Oussedik-Lehtihet S., Haouichat C., Hammoumraoui N. et al. (2017). Hypovitaminosis D and Its Associated Factors in North Algerian Postmenopausal Women: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1155/2017/9032141.
  468. Lourenço BH, Qi L, Willett WC, Cardoso MA, ACTION Study Team. (2014). FTO genotype, vitamin D status, and weight gain during childhood.. Diabetes. DOI: 10.2337/db13-1290. PMID: 24130335.
  469. Bogazzi F, Rossi G, Lombardi M, Tomisti L, Sardella C, Manetti L, Curzio O, Marcocci C, Grasso L, Gasperi M, Martino E. (2011). Vitamin D status may contribute to serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in healthy subjects.. J Endocrinol Invest. DOI: 10.3275/7228. PMID: 20671418.
  470. Nikooyeh Bahareh, Abdollahi Zahra, Hajifaraji Majid et al. (2016). Vitamin D Status, Latitude and their Associations with Some Health Parameters in Children: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmw057.
  471. Yeap SS, Thambiah SC, Suppiah S, Md-Said S, Appannah G, Samsudin IN, Zainuddin N, Zahari-Sham SY, Hew FL. (2021). Asymptomatic morphometric vertebral fractures and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study among adults in a selected urban area in Selangor, Malaysia.. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255069. PMID: 34293028.
  472. Al-Sumaih Ibrahim, Donnelly Michael, O’Neill Ciaran (2021). The use of finite mixture models to examine the serum 25(OH)D levels among Saudis. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260748.
  473. Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda, Mambrini Juliana V. M., de Souza-Junior Paulo R. Borges et al. (2020). Nationwide vitamin D status in older Brazilian adults and its determinants: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI). Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70329-y.
  474. ALbuloshi Thurayya, Kamel Ahmed M., Spencer Jeremy P. E. (2022). Factors Associated with Low Vitamin D Status among Older Adults in Kuwait. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14163342.
  475. Riverin Bruno, Dewailly Eric, Côté Suzanne et al. (2013). Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Associated Factors Among Canadian Cree: A Cross-sectional Study. Canadian Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3838.
  476. Manios Yannis, Moschonis George, Hulshof Toine et al. (2017). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece: the role of sex, degree of urbanisation and seasonality. British Journal of Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002422.
  477. Raulio Susanna, Erlund Iris, Männistö Satu et al. (2016). Successful nutrition policy: improvement of vitamin D intake and status in Finnish adults over the last decade. The European Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw154.
  478. Wang Yangyang, Gao Xiaoguang, Lv Jing et al. (2022). Gut Microbiome Signature Are Correlated With Bone Mineral Density Alterations in the Chinese Elders. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.827575.
  479. HA CHANG-DUK, CHO JIN-KYUNG, LEE SHIN-HO et al. (2013). Serum Vitamin D, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Risk Factors in Korean Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31826c6956.
  480. Rathnayake Nirmala, Alwis Gayani, Lenora Janaka et al. (2021). Factors associated with measures of sarcopenia in pre and postmenopausal women. BMC Women's Health. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01153-9.
  481. Bhattacharjya Himadri, Goswami Bidhan, Sengupta Shauli et al. (2021). Hypovitaminosis D, dyslipidemia, and thyroid dysfunction among adolescents and their associations with blood pressure in a Northeastern City of India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_907_20.
  482. Bonakdaran Shokoufeh, Fakhraee Farzaneh, Karimian Maryam Saberi et al. (2016). Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Advances in Medical Sciences. DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.01.002.
  483. Tian Limin, Yang Ruifei, Wei Lianhua et al. (2017). Prevalence of osteoporosis and related lifestyle and metabolic factors of postmenopausal women and elderly men. Medicine. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008294.
  484. Basińska-Lewandowska Magdalena, Lewiński Andrzej, Horzelski Wojciech et al. (2021). Effect of Summer Sunshine Exposure on Vitamin D Status in Young and Middle Age Poles: Is 30 ng/mL Vitamin D Cut-Off Really Suitable for the Polish Population?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158116.
  485. Sharma Nikhil, Cooper Rachel, Kuh Diana et al. (2017). Associations of statin use with motor performance and myalgia may be modified by 25-hydroxyvitamin D: findings from a British birth cohort. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06019-z.
  486. Asante Ernest Obeng, Mai X.-M., Eldholm R.S. et al. (2023). Vitamin D Status Over Time and Cognitive Function in Norwegian Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort of the HUNT Study. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1867-8.
  487. Macdonald Helen M., Mavroeidi Alexandra, Aucott Lorna A. et al. (2011). Skin Color Change in Caucasian Postmenopausal Women Predicts Summer-Winter Change in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: Findings from the ANSAViD Cohort Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-2032.
  488. Gabr Sami, S. Al-Eisa Einas, H. Alghadir Ahmad (2016). Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging. DOI: 10.2147/cia.s102892.
  489. Aggarwal Anshita, Ram Sant, Garg Abhilasha et al. (2019). Metabolic Bone Profile of Healthy Adult North Indian Population from Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (CUBES). Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00857-6.
  490. Majumdar V, Nagaraja D, Christopher R (2010). Vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians. International Journal of Obesity. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.232.
  491. Beer Rachael J, Herrán Oscar F, Villamor Eduardo (2020). Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in a tropical setting: results from a nationally representative survey. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa197.
  492. Sherchand O, Baranwal J K, Gelal B (2022). Epidemiology and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Eastern Nepal: a community-based, cross-sectional study. openRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.10.22274787.
  493. Mohammad Mustafa, Alourfi Zaynab, Haddad Shaden (2021). Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in apparently healthy Syrians. Meta Gene. DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100945.
  494. Meng L, Man Q, Yuan L, Shen L, Li W, Guo G, Li L, Jia S, Gao Y, Song P, Zhang J. (2017). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and elderly skeletal muscle mass and function in urban north China.. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.072016.13. PMID: 28802294.
  495. Masson S., Agabiti N., Vago T. et al. (2014). The fibroblast growth factor‐23 and Vitamin D emerge as nontraditional risk factors and may affect cardiovascular risk. Journal of Internal Medicine. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12232.
  496. Kaddam Ibrahim M., Al-Shaikh Adnan M., Abaalkhail Bahaa A. et al. (2017). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in three regions of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.4.18753.
  497. Trummer Olivia, Schwetz Verena, Walter-Finell Daniela et al. (2012). Allelic Determinants of Vitamin D Insufficiency, Bone Mineral Density, and Bone Fractures. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3088.
  498. Madsen KH, Rasmussen LB, Mejborn H, Andersen EW, Mølgaard C, Nissen J, Tetens I, Andersen R. (2014). Vitamin D status and its determinants in children and adults among families in late summer in Denmark.. Br J Nutr. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001263. PMID: 24932732.
  499. Michaëlsson K., Wolk A., Byberg L. et al. (2016). The seasonal importance of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D for bone mineral density in older women. Journal of Internal Medicine. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12563.
  500. Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Ortega RM, González-Rodríguez LG, López-Sobaler AM, UCM Research Group VALORNUT (920030). (2011). Vitamin D deficiency is an independent predictor of elevated triglycerides in Spanish school children.. Eur J Nutr. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0145-4. PMID: 21103884.
  501. Tuffaha M, El Bcheraoui C, Daoud F, Al Hussaini HA, Alamri F, Al Saeedi M, Basulaiman M, Memish ZA, AlMazroa MA, Al Rabeeah AA, Mokdad AH. (2015). Deficiencies Under Plenty of Sun: Vitamin D Status among Adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013.. N Am J Med Sci. DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.168675. PMID: 26713293.
  502. Joukar Farahnaz, Naghipour Mohammadreza, Hassanipour Soheil et al. (2020). &lt;p&gt;Association of Serum Levels of Vitamin D with Blood Pressure Status in Northern Iranian Population: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)&lt;/p&gt;. International Journal of General Medicine. DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s244472.
  503. Yuan Chunchun, Wang Jing, Zhang Weiqiang et al. (2023). Effects of obesity with reduced 25(OH)D levels on bone health in elderly Chinese people: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162175.
  504. Paul ThomasVizhalil, Binu AdityaJohn, Cherian KripaElizabeth et al. (2019). Bone health after fifth decade in rural ambulatory South Indian postmenopausal women. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_161_18.
  505. Ke Larry, Mason Rebecca S., Baur Louise A. et al. (2018). Vitamin D levels in childhood and adolescence and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of healthy Australian children. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.010.
  506. Ali Pauline, Labriffe Matthieu, Navasiolava Nastassia et al. (2020). Vitamin D concentration and focal brain atrophy in older adults: a voxel‐based morphometric study. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50997.
  507. Lingham Gareth, Mackey David A., Zhu Kun et al. (2021). Time spent outdoors through childhood and adolescence – assessed by 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration – and risk of myopia at 20 years. Acta Ophthalmologica. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14709.
  508. Buchebner David, Bartosch Patrik, Malmgren Linnea et al. (2019). Association Between Vitamin D, Frailty, and Progression of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00573.
  509. Jones Patrice, Lucock Mark, Martin Charlotte et al. (2020). Independent and Interactive Influences of Environmental UVR, Vitamin D Levels, and Folate Variant MTHFD1-rs2236225 on Homocysteine Levels. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu12051455.
  510. Szili Balázs, Szabó Boglárka, Horváth Péter et al. (2018). Impact of genetic influence on serum total- and free 25-hydroxyvitamin-D in humans. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.007.
  511. Fox Fabienne A U, Koch Lennart, Breteler Monique M B et al. (2023). 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with greater grip strength across adult life span: a population-based cohort study. Endocrine Connections. DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0501.
  512. Asakura Keiko, Etoh Norihito, Imamura Haruhiko et al. (2020). Vitamin D Status in Japanese Adults: Relationship of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Simultaneously Measured Dietary Vitamin D Intake and Ultraviolet Ray Exposure. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu12030743.
  513. Patel Prerna, Mughal M Zulf, Patel Pinal et al. (2015). Dietary calcium intake influences the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25OHD) concentration and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. Archives of Disease in Childhood. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308985.
  514. Al-Saleh Yousef, Al-Daghri Nasser M, Khan Nasiruddin et al. (2015). Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge. BMC Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0369-9.
  515. Li Danting, Wei Haoche, Xue Hongmei et al. (2018). Higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with decreased risk of impairment of glucose homeostasis: data from Southwest China. BMC Endocrine Disorders. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0252-4.
  516. Mavroeidi Alexandra, Aucott Lorna, Black Alison J. et al. (2013). Seasonal Variation in 25(OH)D at Aberdeen (57°N) and Bone Health Indicators– Could Holidays in the Sun and Cod Liver Oil Supplements Alleviate Deficiency?. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053381.
  517. Sacheck J, Goodman E, Chui K, Chomitz V, Must A, Economos C. (2011). Vitamin D deficiency, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in urban schoolchildren.. J Pediatr. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.001. PMID: 21784451.
  518. Ara Gulshan, Little David C., Mamun Abdullah-Al et al. (2023). Factors affecting the micronutrient status of adolescent girls living in complex agro-aquatic ecological zones of Bangladesh. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33636-8.
  519. Zhang FF, Al Hooti S, Al Zenki S, Alomirah H, Jamil KM, Rao A, Al Jahmah N, Saltzman E, Ausman LM. (2016). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high prevalence of diabetes in Kuwaiti adults: results from a national survey.. BMC Public Health. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2758-x. PMID: 26833056.
  520. MacDonell Sue O, Miller Jody C, Harper Michelle J et al. (2016). Vitamin D status and its predictors in New Zealand aged-care residents eligible for a government-funded universal vitamin D supplementation programme. Public Health Nutrition. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001683.
  521. Amaliya A., Laine Marja L., Delanghe Joris R. et al. (2015). Java project on periodontal diseases: periodontal bone loss in relation to environmental and systemic conditions. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12381.
  522. Albalawi Omar, Almubark Rasha, Almarshad Abdulrahman et al. (2022). The Prevalence of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies and High Levels of Non-Essential Heavy Metals in Saudi Arabian Adults. Healthcare. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122415.
  523. González-Molero Inmaculada, Rojo-Martínez Gemma, Morcillo Sonsoles et al. (2012). Vitamin D and incidence of diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.001.
  524. Habibesadat Shakeri, Ali Khakshour, Shabnam Jalili Moghaddam et al. (2014). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its related factors in children and adolescents living in North Khorasan, Iran. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0198.
  525. Kim Jinhee, Lee Yunhwan, Won Chang Won et al. (2020). Association of serum vitamin D with frailty in older Korean adults. Maturitas. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.01.008.
  526. AlAnouti Fatme, Ahmad Amar Sabri, Wareth Laila Abdel et al. (2022). Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, body mass index and body fat composition among Emirati population: Results from the UAE healthy future study. Frontiers in Endocrinology. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954300.
  527. Hanks LJ, Casazza K, Ashraf A, Fernandez JR. (2012). Calcium homeostasis may influence resting energy expenditure with effects most apparent in early pubertal girls.. Acta Paediatr. DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02717.x. PMID: 22587658.
  528. García-Dorta Alicia, Medina-Vega Lillian, Villacampa-Jiménez Jacobo Javier et al. (2021). Baseline Levels of Vitamin D in a Healthy Population from a Region with High Solar Irradiation. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051647.
  529. Öberg Johanna, Jorde Rolf, Almås Bjørg et al. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency and lifestyle risk factors in a Norwegian adolescent population. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.1177/1403494814541593.
  530. Divanoglou Natalia, Komninou Despina, Stea Eleni A. et al. (2021). Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino Study). Lifestyle Genomics. DOI: 10.1159/000514338.
  531. Peters B. S. E., Verly Jr E., Marchioni D. M. L. et al. (2011). The influence of breakfast and dairy products on dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in postpubertal adolescents and young adults. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01166.x.
  532. Standahl Olsen K, Rylander C, Brustad M et al. (2013). Plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D level and blood gene expression profiles: a cross-sectional study of the Norwegian Women and Cancer Post-genome Cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.53.
  533. Niafar M, Bahrami A, Aliasgharzadeh A, Aghamohammadzadeh N, Najafipour F, Mobasseri M. (2009). Vitamin D status in healthy postmenopausal Iranian women.. J Res Med Sci. PMID: 21772879.
  534. Capuano Rocco, Marchese Federica, Sica Raffaella et al. (2021). Epidemiologic Data of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Implication in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Risk in a Southern Italian Population. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5550222.
  535. Kuraoka Shohei, Oda Masako, Mitsubuchi Hiroshi et al. (2022). Impaired Height Growth Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Young Children from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Nutrients. DOI: 10.3390/nu14163325.
  536. Miettinen Maija E., Kinnunen Leena, Leiviskä Jaana et al. (2014). Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Markers: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (FIN-D2D). PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100235.
  537. Rathod Anita, Bonny Olivier, Guessous Idris et al. (2015). Association of Urinary Calcium Excretion with Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Levels. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. DOI: 10.2215/cjn.12511213.
  538. Meems Laura M. G., de Borst Martin H., Postma Dirkje S. et al. (2015). Low levels of vitamin D are associated with multimorbidity: Results from the LifeLines Cohort Study. Annals of Medicine. DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1073347.
  539. Yan Xiaoning, Zhang Na, Cheng Shenghui et al. (2019). Gender Differences in Vitamin D Status in China. Medical Science Monitor. DOI: 10.12659/msm.916326.